Italy after 1870
- Created by: hastr010
- Created on: 09-06-19 12:00
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- Italy after 1870
- Politics
- Positives
- constitutional monarcy survived - no revolution
- Extremists kept out of power
- Despite government instablility - individuals who held power to provide reform and change emerged
- Crispi and Depritis brough about important improvements and reforms to Italy
- After Victor Emannuel died in 1878 - Umberto became Umberto I of Italy: this gave a new, Itaian image to the Monarchy
- Thawed relationship with Papacy by Crispi helped to persuade the College of Cardinals to elect a new pope in Rome which helped to secure acceptance from Leo XIII who was less strict that Pius IX
- Voting age dropped from 25 to 21.
- Locally elected councils and mayors were introduced in 1899
- Negatives
- lack of stability - shifting in interests and factions: transformismo
- Produced Political stagnation which made for bad govermnent
- Opposition to gov. were likely to be offered roles, blunting opposition and seperating them from their followers
- Critics on the outside believed it was a parliamentary game - critics were bribed into giving their support and ignored the needs of the party.
- Exclusion of the mass of Italians from voting; this gave the politicians no reason to attend to the wish of the peasants.
- Crispi and Depritis brought about a period of scandals, corruption and violence
- lack of stability - shifting in interests and factions: transformismo
- Positives
- Economy
- Positives
- 'Grist tax' abolished
- Wheat produced doubled over 30 years
- Steel industry expanded
- 21,000km of new road built btween 1870 and 1883
- Railways quadrupled in 10 years
- Land reclamation schemes introduced
- Mechanisation introduced in Agriculture
- The defecit was overcome by 1876 - it had previously been 60%
- Negatives
- Large amounts of poverty
- removal of indirect tax made life difficult for the poor.
- Crispis government were extremely corrupt
- 1893 - Italian banking system collapsed
- Other countries were industrialising far quicker than Italy
- Positives
- Foreign Policy
- Postives
- Piedmont had recieved a considerable amount of success in the 50s with diplomacy e.g. with the Crimean war.
- Italy still participated in diplomacy in order to win the recognition as a major power in internatioanl affairs
- Joined 'tripple Alliance' with Germany and Austro-Hungary: this provided protection from a French aggressor
- Crispi cut a figure on the European stage and met with Bismark multiple ties
- Crispi was determined to have a great empire thinking it would cause a surge in patriotism
- Successful campaign had been fought in Africa and Eritrea and the Somaliland had been acquired
- Negatives
- Austria only expelled from Peninsula due to help of France
- Although Italy's economy was expanding, other countriries were industrialising more rapdily
- Was initially turned down from joining triple alliance by Bismark. he regarede Taly as haeving a 'big appetit and small teeth'
- Crispi's rivalry with France lead to an unsuccessful trade war in the early 1880s
- Unsuccessful Battle of Adowa - 7000 Italians killed and 3000 taken prisoner with many being castrated.
- this was hugely embarassing due to the fac that Ethiopia was perceived as lesser than Italy. - No other European Power had suffered defeat in the scramble for Africa.
- This resulted in Crispi's resignation and troops had to be used to stop demonstrations through Italy
- Postives
- Social Policy
- Positives
- 1877 - Free and compulsory primary education introduced
- Schools and Universities came under state control as part of a policy to provide a unified system of education throughout the peninsula
- abolishment of Grist tax meant that more peasants could more easily obtain bread.
- Death penalty abolished and anti-strike legislation removed under Crispi
- Public health reforms in late 1880s
- Negatives
- Large numbers of Italians remained in poverty after 1870 and many suffered from malnutrition, disease and poor working conditions (especially southerners and women)
- Severe unrest in Sicily - 40,000 troops had to be sent to restore law and order
- Positives
- Politics
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