1.2 Ionisation Energies and Successive Ionisation Energies
- Created by: rxchelhorne
- Created on: 17-02-16 13:54
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- Ionisation Energies
- The process of removing electrons
- The process for the first ionisation energy (I.E) of an element is summarised in the equation: X(g)>X+(g)+e-
- Electrons are held in their shells through an attraction to the nucleus. The stronger the attraction, the stronger the ionisation energy. I.E depends on:
- Size of the positive nuclear charge.
- Distance of the outer electron from the nucleus - further from the nucleus the lower the I.E
- Shielding effect by electrons in filled inner shells which cause repulsion, which lowers the I.E
- Successive Ionisation Energies
- An element has the same amount of successive ionisation energies as there are electrons
- Sodium has 11 successive ionisation energies
- Successive ionisation energies always increase as:
- Greater effective nuclear charge as there are the same number of protons holding fewer and fewer electrons
- As each electron is removed there is less electron-electron repulsion so more energy is require to remove the electrons
- As the distance from each electron and the nucleus decreases, nuclear attraction increases
- An element has the same amount of successive ionisation energies as there are electrons
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