Interregnum
- Created by: LamisaAmber
- Created on: 09-05-17 09:12
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- Interregnum 1649-1660
- Rump Parliament 1649 - 1653
- Created by Pride's Purge
- Some MPs secluded, some arrested and others stayed away to be dissociated with Rump's actions
- Expelled moderate MPs who wanted to continue negotiating with Charles
- Brought back moderate MPs who had stayed away during execution = politically conservative now
- Expelled moderate MPs who wanted to continue negotiating with Charles
- 'Sitting on bayonets' - put into power by the army and therefore dependent on their approval
- Made up of Republicans e.g. Haselrig and Bradshaw and Army Radicals
- Brought back moderate MPs who had stayed away during execution = politically conservative now
- Some MPs secluded, some arrested and others stayed away to be dissociated with Rump's actions
- Carry out the trial and execution of the King
- Declare themselves able to pass laws without consent of the King or Lords
- Create High Court of Justice to try him
- Abolish House of Lords March 1649
- Attempt to make it look legitimate - clerks and minute keepers
- Religion
- Failed to implement any radical legislation in order to appease moderate Presbyterians and Royalists
- Agreed that non-law abiding sects must be crushed but couldn't agree on how to approach a religious settlement otherwise
- Wanted godly so but everybody has different ideas of it
- Blasphemy Act 1650 and Adultery Act 1650 to curb influence of Ranters, Quakers
- Committee for the Propagation of the Gospel but no religious settlement
- Legal Reform
- Calls for reform of the law from radicals - e.g. wanted to implement Mosaic Law
- Moderates want to maintain Common Law in the country
- Little done to make the courts more accessible, apart from proceedings being held in English rather than Latin
- Finance
- Large deficit after Civil Wars
- Sold crown lands and church property
- Confiscated Royalist lands = resentment towards regime
- Assessment tax and excise duty
- Large deficit after Civil Wars
- Third Civil War
- Uprisings in Ireland and Scotland - had made deals with Charles II to restore him to throne
- Crushed easily by Oliver Cromwell and NMA
- Royalism in Scotland - Montrose Rising, Treaty of Breda, Battle of Dunbar
- Ormond Treaty, Massacres of Drogheda and Wexford
- Uprisings in Ireland and Scotland - had made deals with Charles II to restore him to throne
- Dissolution of the Rump
- Only meant as an interim body whilst elections were prepared
- NMA was worried that the new elections would allow same MPs back into seats
- Discussions continued despite Cromwell postponing them = angry. Not fulfilling his ideal of a godly soc
- OC personal attempt to grab power?
- Forced into it by army discontent?
- Policies favoured moderate stability = NMA no longer on side
- Political Radicalism
- Levellers - denounced Rump. Cromwell and Breton crushed them; arrested Lilburne
- Imprisonment of leaders= stirred up mutiny e.g. Banbury amongst army but dispersed by personal persuasion of Cromwell and Ireton
- Rump quelled army discontent by paying arrears - Levellers didn't have army support anymore = no threat
- Arrested hundreds, executed ring leaders
- Levellers - denounced Rump. Cromwell and Breton crushed them; arrested Lilburne
- Created by Pride's Purge
- Nominated Assembly 1653
- Clash between moderates and radicals
- Failed to meet expectations
- Radicals propose end to Monthly Assessments - attack on army
- Radicals push through abolition of tithes, organised = upset moderates
- Radicals propose end to Monthly Assessments - attack on army
- Radicals want no tithes, no national church, mosaic law
- Moderates want toleration, national church, tithes, common law
- Failed to meet expectations
- Dissolution 1653
- Moderates meet alone December 1653, vote to give power back to OC and abdicate
- Motives
- Puppet of Army?
- Genuine experiment in Godly rule?
- OC uses it to take power?
- Clash between moderates and radicals
- The Protectorate 1653- 1659
- Richard Cromwell 1659
- Legacy of OC
- No religious settlement, por finances, politically unstable, all groups discontent
- Power vacuum after OCs death, RC not army man, ruling under HPA - garnered opp in 2nd sess of 2nd PP
- Upsets army by trying to get rid of Council of Officers = army calls for his removal
- Legacy of OC
- Oliver Cromwell 1653-1658
- Under HP&A
- New Cromwellians want a civilian gov
- alternate constitutionto I of G, endorsed by parl, sought to limit OC by kingship
- Return to old constitution, upper house, privy council, kingship
- Refuses kingship = trying to reach settlement or extend powers
- Opposition - army and Republicans don't like it
- Excluded members return 2ndSess 2nd PP
- Republicans attack HPA, lack of support in lower house
- Gather support from army, religious radicals - looks like attack on OC
- OC dissolves parl to prevent consideringof Republican petition. Diest Sept 1658
- Opposition - army and Republicans don't like it
- Gather support from army, religious radicals - looks like attack on OC
- Republicans attack HPA, lack of support in lower house
- New Cromwellians want a civilian gov
- Under I of G
- Aims of healing and settling country through godly reformation and political stability
- Ordinances- Triers and Ejectors
- Godly reformation impeded by lack of finance, held up by Council of State
- Religious Toleration undermined stability e.g. Naylor Case, fear of social collapse, ministers can't enforce order - no legal compulsion
- OC tolerant of Catholics, secretly lets Jews reenter, hard to define 'godly' faith
- Conservative Protectorate Parliament always threatens liberty
- I of G drawn up by Lambert, not endorsed by parliament, 30,000 permanent army, questionable legitimacy - imposed by military
- 1st PP Commonwealthsmen attacked legitimacy of I of G
- Oath of Allegiance - 100 MPs excluded
- Fear of military dictatorship- heavy army representation, upsets Commonwealthsmen. Gentry fear disorder
- 1st PP Commonwealthsmen attacked legitimacy of I of G
- Reorganising of constituencies = wider representation = more opp to OC in 1stPP
- Major-Generals - DecimationTax to maintain them, interferred with daily life
- Resentment, lower social class and not local
- Centralisation attempt failed - didn't vote to renew DecimationTax
- Under HP&A
- Richard Cromwell 1659
- The Restoration 1658-1660
- The Restored Rump
- Divisions between army and Rump
- Failed to enforce settlement, didn't restrict radicals - people want stability
- tried to use radicals to curb army influence = Rump seems radical
- Lambert crushes Booths uprising August 1659- gives them power
- Haselrig calls to arrest leaders of army = dissolves Rump
- Failed to enforce settlement, didn't restrict radicals - people want stability
- Divisions between army and Rump
- The Committee of Safety
- Guise of authority from Army but internal divisions
- Not all agree w/ Rump's dissolution e.g. Monck
- Monck marches to London, Navy declares against gov, Lambert fails to crush Monck's forces
- Monck dismisses Lambert, Fleetwood, recalls Rump
- Monck marches to London, Navy declares against gov, Lambert fails to crush Monck's forces
- Not all agree w/ Rump's dissolution e.g. Monck
- Guise of authority from Army but internal divisions
- The Restored Long Parliament
- Monck brings back secluded MPs - Republicans no longer have power
- Questioned legitimacy of Rump and Charles' execution
- Restorationmuch more likely but Monck presents self as moderate
- Questioned legitimacy of Rump and Charles' execution
- Monck brings back secluded MPs - Republicans no longer have power
- The Convention Parliament
- Army decline to challenge Monck, new elections called at time of Charles' publishing of Treaty of Breda
- Over 60 monarchists took seats and considered terms of Charles' restoration 1660
- Treaty of Breda - published from Holland, promised to pay arrears, religious toleration, general pardon, leniency, cooperation with Parliament
- Satisfies all groups - he is a figure of stability
- Army decline to challenge Monck, new elections called at time of Charles' publishing of Treaty of Breda
- The Restored Rump
- Rump Parliament 1649 - 1653
- Only 12 of 140 radicals e.g. Fifth Monarchists but their fanaticism = clashes
- Colonel Harrison
- Clash between moderates and radicals
- Failed to meet expectations
- Radicals propose end to Monthly Assessments - attack on army
- Radicals push through abolition of tithes, organised = upset moderates
- Radicals propose end to Monthly Assessments - attack on army
- Radicals want no tithes, no national church, mosaic law
- Moderates want toleration, national church, tithes, common law
- Failed to meet expectations
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