Interpersonal Attraction

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  • Created by: brobs123
  • Created on: 16-05-17 13:31
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  • Interpersonal Attraction and Liking
    • Attractiveness
      • Halo effect
        • Stereotypes based on appearance e.g. attractive = sociable, intelligent, honest, high self esteem
        • Dion (1976)
          • Attractive photo of child. misbehaviour viewed less seriously + less severe punishment
      • Judgements
        • Kenrick (1989)
          • Looking at attractive photo = harsher judgements after
        • clothing, physique, age, glasses, facial hair, height, walking style even 1st name
        • Best agreement = men judging women
        • Judging yourself not similar to others judgements but 2 people usually agree on attractiveness of another person
      • Symmetry
        • Perrett et al 1999
          • Symmetry preferred when manipulated faces
        • Penton-Voak et al 2001
          • Symmetry in real faces correlated with rated attractiveness
      • Gender differences
        • Penton-Voak and Perrett 2000
          • Female preferences of male faces varies over menstrual cycle
            • Prefer feminine faces mostly but during time when conception most likely, prefer masculine
      • 2 diff procedures with experiments involving attractiveness
        • Identifying attractive people + what characteristics they share
        • Creating composite image of combined faces with specific features
    • Proximity
      • Exposure effect (Zajonc 1968)
        • Frequent contact = increasingly + evaluation of stimulus so find them attractive
        • Moreland and Beach 1992
          • More times stranger attended class, higher rates of attractiveness
            • Stimulus can also be objects/concepts etc
    • Similarity vs Dissimilarity
      • Matching Hypothesis
        • Walster and Walster 1969
          • people attracted to others roughly same level of attractiveness as themselves
      • Cognitive Similarity
        • Byrne 1971
          • More  similarity between 2 peoples attitudes, beliefs, values and ideas, more they'll like eachother
          • proportion of similarity = no. of specific topics of which 2 ppl express similar views DIVIDED  by total no. of topics discussed
            • Higher proportion of similarity, more attractiveness
      • Construct Similarity
        • Kelly 1955
          • Select friends with similar ways of thinking (reinforcing our own beliefs/behaviours)
      • Social Homogamy
        • Watson et al 2004
          • Correlation in characteristic between partners
        • Burley 1983
          • Positive assortative mating =  partners more similar to each other than would be expected by chance
      • Theories explaining similarity
        • Evolutionary Perspective
          • Adaptivity of associating with similar others for safety
          • Dislike of others based on aspects which are dissimilar to yourself
            • Programmed to fear difference
        • Balance Theory
          • Heider 1958 + Newcomb 1961
            • Agreeing results in + emotional state and vice versa
        • Social Comparison Theory
          • Festinger 1954
            • similarity to others provides validation for ones beliefs
      • Complementary needs hypothesis
        • Winch 1958
          • make up for personal deficiencies by choosing partners who're strong in our weakest qualities
      • Dissimilarity
        • Markey and Markey 2007
          • highest level of relationship quality were dissimilar in dominance
      • Longitudinal research
        • physical appearance + similarity only important in beginning of relationship
        • Deeper similarity + complementarity more important later
    • Recent Research
      • More Naturalistic (lab vs longitudinal)
      • Societal Changes (BMI, gender differences)
      • New Tech (online dating)
      • Treleavan, Swami and Furnham 2006
        • More accurate 3D body images (looks more realistic than animated)
          • Swami and Tovee 2005

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