Intelligence Testing
- Created by: meg_lou
- Created on: 10-04-17 11:48
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- Intelligence Testing
- What is intelligence?
- Problem solving abilities
- Acquisition and retention of knowledge
- 'To judge well, to comprehend well, to reason well' (Binet & Simon, 1916)
- Understanding concepts
- Difficult to agree on what constitutes intelligence
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Establish mental age (MA) by comparing performance with average of others' then relate it to chronological age (CA)
- IQ = 100 x MA/CA
- Mean of 100 and SD of 15 so 68% fall within 85 and 115
- Use of z scores (raw score - mean score/SD) to find where someone is in relation to the population
- History
- Galton (1884) found ethnic diversity of psychological traits
- Binet (1904) - gave special education provision for intellectually disabled children
- Many previous tests were based on American general knowledge and measured crystallised intelligence (Cattel)
- Examples of intelligence tests
- Stanford-Binet Test (Terman & Merrill, 1960)
- Single measure of intelligence until 1986
- Now includes abstract reasoning, quantitative reasoning and short term memory
- Measures crystallised rather than fluid intelligence
- Single measure of intelligence until 1986
- Wechsler scales (Wechsler, 1948, 1974)
- Tests for adults and children
- Adults has 11 scales divided into verbal (e.g. comprehension) and non-verbal (e.g. picture arrangement) items
- Raven's advanced progressive matrices (Raven, 1965)
- Fluid intelligence only
- Uses Mill-Hill vocab scale - verbal only
- Scholastic assessment test (SAT) and American college testing (ACT)
- For entry into the next level of education
- SAT's measures English, Maths and writing
- ACT's measures English, Maths, reasoning and science
- For entry into the next level of education
- Stanford-Binet Test (Terman & Merrill, 1960)
- What is intelligence?
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