Institutionalisation
- Created by: jessicawarren
- Created on: 19-04-16 11:50
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- Institutionalisation
- Introduction
- Definition: Behaviour patterns of children who have been raised in institutions e.g orphanages
- Effects are physical/intellectual/emotional
- Disinhibited attachment: Behaviour shown by children who have been raised in institutions and are desperate for attention. Clingy, attention seeking. Indiscriminate social interaction with adults
- Rutter's study
- 165 Romanian orphans tested to what extent good care could make up for poor early experiences in institutions
- Assessed at ages 4, 6, 11, 15. Group of 52 British children adopted around the same time (control group)
- Physical effects: Majority severely undernourished, smaller, weighed less, stunted growth
- Intellectual effects: Half showed signs of mental retardation, IQ of children adopted before 6m 102, between 6m-2yrs 86, after 2yrs 77.
- Effects on attachment: Adopted after 6m- disinhibited, attention seeking, clingy. Before 6m- rarely displayed disinhibited attachment
- Effects of institutionalisation worse longer children there
- Effects not reversible, but children can adapt and develop later on
- Natural experiment- Participants naturally occurring in different conditions, researcher didn't influence who got adopted when
- Bucharest Early Intervention- Zeanah (2005)
- Children who had never been institutionalsied displayed 'normal' behaviour- 74% securely attached
- 19% institutionalised children securely attached, 65% displaying disorganised attachment
- Being institutionalised for long period of time has a negative effect on development
- 44% institutionalised children have disinhibited attachment, 20% control group
- Evaluation
- Longitudinal study- offers account of behaviour changing over time, how other children display similar/different behaviour
- Real liife application: Each child given key worker, main/only carer. Children form attachment with them, prevents deprivation
- If attachment formed with mother then child adopted, may suffer from MD which causes psychological problems. Children being adopted as early as possible ensures only one attachment is formed
- RO study not representative- not all orphanages are bad, results cannot be applied to all cases
- Later in life, orphans could struggle to form attachments with partners/children- long term effetcs
- Childrens intelligence/appearance/age could have effected whether they were adopted earlier/later
- Introduction
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