Industry in the Early Modern Period I
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 19-05-18 15:04
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- Industry in the Early Modern Period I
- Economic landscape
- 85% of total population lived in Countryside
- Most people in most areas of Europe were engaged in mainly agricultural production
- Production and the economy were therefore dependent on time of year and harvest
- By end of period Europe was not Industrialised
- However, some countries, particular Britain, were in the process of an Industrial Revolution
- British Industrial Revolution is considered to be period of around 1760-1840
- Textile Industry
- Textile was England's largest indutry
- Mainly wool and cloth production, but later there was a move towards finished textile products
- Rise of Fashion Industry
- Europe took influence from India and Far East
- Learning the skill for printing calico and elaborate designs
- Examples of family Calico production in Catalonia
- Learning the skill for printing calico and elaborate designs
- Europe took influence from India and Far East
- Linked to 'Domestic Industry'
- As most weaving was done by hand in home
- As well as Shoe and Garment making
- As most weaving was done by hand in home
- Textile was England's largest indutry
- Work and Time
- Urban workers often experienced inconsistencies in working hours
- As time was imprecisely measured and relied on local church bell
- Industrial day was measured by daylight hours
- Therefore in winter, working day was shorter and pay was less (1/5 less than summer)
- As a result there was an increase in Clock industry
- In 1515 Geneva had no clock makers but by 1600 there were 225 master clock makers and an unrecorded number of Apprentices
- Urban workers often experienced inconsistencies in working hours
- The road to Commercial Capitalism
- Musgrave suggest in Early Modern Period
- Industry became greatest factor contributing to economy and its movement towards Commercial capitalism
- Expansionism and resulting global trade, pioneered by Merchant traders such as John Cabot
- Lead to trade monopolies for certain companies such as East India Company or the Turkey Company
- Adam Smith describes 18th century as start of Commercial Capitalism, or merchant Capitalism
- The pursuit of creating wealth through economic growth, as opposed to mercantilism which focused on accumulation of physical wealth for a nation, i.e. in gold bullion
- Establishment of trading companies
- Expansionism
- Attempts to mechanise Industries to increase exports
- The pursuit of creating wealth through economic growth, as opposed to mercantilism which focused on accumulation of physical wealth for a nation, i.e. in gold bullion
- Musgrave suggest in Early Modern Period
- Coal Industry - 1540-1460
- John Nef suggests
- There was a minor 'Industrial Revolution' in Tudor/Stuart England (1558-1714)
- Due to development of technology using a coal burning furnace
- which laid foundations for Industrial Revolution
- Fuel Crisis led to to shift from wood to coal
- England benefited from cheap and plentiful coal
- Mainly from Newcastle mining
- which exported coal abroad but also supplied London's huge demand for Coal (as well as lead, tin and copper)
- Mainly from Newcastle mining
- England's Coal Industry was 2 centuries ahead of rest of Europe
- John Nef suggests
- Economic landscape
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