Alcohols

Created by: emma
Created on: 02-04-14 17:02

View mindmap

Alcohols
- Industrial production
  - From ethene
    - Temp 300, pressure 6000kpa, catalyst conc phosphoric acid, continuous
    - 100% yeild, continuous and pure ethanol produced, 100% atom economy
    - High tech (expensive) high energy cost, coming from crude oil
  - Fermentaion
    - Temp 30-40, catalyst yeast, batch, anerobic
    - Biofuel a fuel derived from or produced from renewable biological resources
    - Carbon neutral a process in which there is no net overall carbon emissions to the atmosphere
    - Low energy cost, low tech (cheap) Low energy consumption, uses renewable resources
    - 12% yeild needs to be purified, slow rate of reaction, batch, Large area af land for crops
- Dehydration
  - Alkenes and H2O are formed
  - Concentrated sulphuric acid used as a catalyst
- Oxidation of alcohols
  - Warm acidified potassium dichromate (orange)
    - Dichromate ions are oxidising agents so are reduced to chromium ions
  - Primary alcohols
    - Primary oxidation product aldehyde
      - Further oxidation product carboxylic acid
        Colour change orange to greem
  - Secondary alcohol
    - Primary oxidation product ketone
      - No further oxidation reaction
        Colour change orange to green
  - Tertiary alcohol
    - No oxidation reaction
      - Stays orange
- Chemical tests for aldehydes and ketones and carboxylic acids
  - Tollens reagent
    - Contains silver nitrate
      - Silver ions are reduced to silver metal and leave A SILVER MIRROR
      - Aldehyde is oxidised to an carboxylic acid
        No reaction with ketone
  - Fehlings solution
    - Blue copper ions are reduced in presence of aldehyde
      - Brick red precipitate forms
      - No reaction with ketone
  - Carboxylic acid
    - React with sodium hydrogen
      - Bubbles of CO2
        Acid based reaction

Get Revising

Alcohols

Comments

Similar Chemistry resources:

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Chemistry resources: