Individual Differences in Memory - Cognitive Psychology

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  • Individual differences in Memory
    • Other examples
      • Gender
    • Processing Speed
      • Some people take longer to write notes from the whiteboard than others.
        • This may be due to their processing speed of information and their STM capacity.
        • This can be affected by age.
      • Younger children have shorter digit spans than older kids.
        • This suggests that capacity increases up to a certain age.
      • Supporting evidence: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gil (2012)
    • Schemas
      • Bartlett's reconstructive memory theory suggests we all have relatively similar schemas.
        • However, our schemas can be heavily influenced by experience through exposure to reading or TV.
          • This in turn affects the way we perceive information received.
      • The development of our schema will affect how we recall information.
    • LTM Theory
      • Episodic memory is a collection of memories of their own life.
        • Daniela Palombo (2012) conducted a survey of autobiographical memory (SAM).
          • This was to assess individual differences in autobiographical memory.
            • The findings suggested that those who scored high or low on episodic memory also scored high or low on semantic memory : either having good or poor memory overall.
              • They also found that men scored higher on spacial memory.
                • Gender
              • They found that people that self-report having depression, scored low on episodic  and semantic memory.
          • This suggested 4 domains of memory
            • Prospective memory
            • Episodic memory
            • Spacial memory
            • Semantic memory

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