Indirect Realsim

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  • Indirect Realism
    • Features
      • Sense-data
        • differences in perceptions
        • Russell- "content of my perceptual experience."
        • Sense-data is mind-dependent, requires perceiver and is subjective.
        • Physical objects are mind-independent, doesn't require a perceiver and is objective.
      • Perceiver-Perceiver- Object
        • experience the world indirectly by perceptions which represent the real world.
    • Veil of Perception
      • raises questions regarding the nature/existence of the external world.
        • 2 Major doubts-
          • Is there a real world of objects causing SD or something else?
          • Does SD correspond accurately with the external world?
      • curtain - can't see what's behind it.
      • sense data - VOP - physical object
    • Scepticism the existence of the external world
      • 1) We directly perceive SD
        • 2) This makes us think that all we know are sense-data
          • 3) We believe that there is a real object causing sense-data
            • 4) To know this, we must know that physical objects exist.
              • 5) But we only have access to physical objects via sense-data
                • 6) Therefore, how can we be sure if the real world exists if all we perceive are sense-data?
      • Matrix / Evil Demon
        • Rene Descartes
          • doubts everything until he finds certainty to rebuild knowledge
          • EVIL DEMON
          • Illusion - senses deceive so we fall pray to illusion
          • Dreaming - how do we know we're not dreaming?
            • can't trust our senses
          • Deceit- we are deceived - is it the evil demon?
          • The Cogito - must be something causing my doubt. This must be me. The fact I doubt implies I exist.
            • "I think therefore I am..."
    • Bertrand Russell
      • 1) SD are private - no 2 people perceive the same thing
        • unless we say there are physical objects which they both perceive indirectly.
      • 2) Because of this, must be something more than sense data to explain the difference
        • e.g. the appearance of a flower
      • 3) Therefore, must be objects in a physical world. Seen differently because of perceptual variation.

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