GOAL 3- CHEMISTRY
REVISION MINDMAP
- Created by: kirsten
- Created on: 11-02-13 16:53
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- Goal 3
- Indigestion
- Hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach.
- Kills bacteria and helps with digestion. Allows digestive enzymes to work properly.
- Caused by too much acid.
- Indigestion tablets are a medicine that can neutralise excess stomach acids.
- They are called alkalis and contain bases that can be dissolved in water.
- CAUSES OF INDIGESTION
- 1. Stomach produces acid which kills bacteria and helps digest.
- 2. If too much acid is produced we get indigestion.
- 3. Indigestion can be cured by neutralisation.
- 4. Antacids contain bases (example: calcium carbonate) which neutralise.
- 3. Indigestion can be cured by neutralisation.
- 2. If too much acid is produced we get indigestion.
- 1. Stomach produces acid which kills bacteria and helps digest.
- Hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach.
- Neutralisation
- Acids are neutralised by metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates to produce salts and water.
- Carbonates produce carbon dioxide when they react with an acid, this is a gas and causes bubbling.
- Oxides and hydroxides DO NOT produce a gas when reacted with an acid.
- Carbonates produce carbon dioxide when they react with an acid, this is a gas and causes bubbling.
- Hydrochloric acid produces chloride salts, nitric acid produces nitrate salts and sulphuric acids produce sulphate salts.
- Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide -> copper chloride + water
- Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium nitrate + water
- Sulphuric acid + copper carbonate > copper sulphate + water + carbon dioxide
- Nitric acid + sodium hydroxide > sodium nitrate + water
- Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide -> copper chloride + water
- Acids are neutralised by metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates to produce salts and water.
- Electrolysis
- A process in which electrical energy from a direct current supply breaks down compounds.
- Test for hydrogen- hold a lit splint in the mouth of a test tube containing hydrogen. The mixture of hydrogen and air in the tube will explode with a squeaky 'pop'.
- Test for chlorine- hold a piece of damp, blue litmus paper in a test tube containing chlorine. Thne paper will turn red then white, the litmus paper turns red because chlorine dissolves in water to make an acid
- Chlorine can be obtained from sea water by ELECTROLYSIS.
- Substances containibg chlorine all have 'CHLORO' or similar in their name (example: Bleach is SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE)
- Chlorine can be used for swimming pools and drinking water because it kills baxteria. It saves energy because water does not have to be boiled to sterilise it. Drawbacks: cost of producing it, possible accidents which could lead to death as chlorine is toxic.
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- Water can be decomposed to form hydrogen + oxygen by electrolysis.
- Indigestion
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