Immunology
- Created by: emma
- Created on: 24-03-14 21:24
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- Immunology
- Phagocytosis
- Phagocyte recognises antigens on pathogen as foreign
- Pathogen is engulfed by phagocyte
- Enters cytoplasm of phagocyte in a vesicle
- Lysosome fuses with vesicle releasing digestive enzymes
- Enzyme breaks down pathogen
- Waste materials ejected
- Enzyme breaks down pathogen
- Lysosome fuses with vesicle releasing digestive enzymes
- Enters cytoplasm of phagocyte in a vesicle
- Pathogen is engulfed by phagocyte
- Phagocyte recognises antigens on pathogen as foreign
- Specific immunity
- A specific response to a specific antigen on the surface of a cell or pathogen that has been recognised as non self
- Antigen
- A molecule that stimulates an immune response resulting in the production of specific antibodies
- Antibodies
- Protein/ glycoprotein made in response to foreign antigen
- Produced by B cells
- Has binding sites which bind specifically to antigen
- Protein/ glycoprotein made in response to foreign antigen
- T- cells (cellular response)
- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen, breaks it down, and presents the antigens on the surface of its membrane
- T cell binds to the antigen presented and it is activated
- Killer T cell
- Locate and destroy body cells that are infected by pathogen that caused the immune response
- Helper T cell
- Releases chemicals that attract phagocytes and b cells to area of infection
- Activate B cells
- Killer T cell
- T cell binds to the antigen presented and it is activated
- Primary response
- B- cells (Humoral response)
- T cell with complementary receptor binds to presented antigen and activates b cell
- B cell clones
- Plasma cells
- Produces specific antibodies
- Memory cells
- Remain in body to respond to pathogen quicker should there be future re infection
- Plasma cells
- B cell clones
- T cell with complementary receptor binds to presented antigen and activates b cell
- B- cells (Humoral response)
- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen, breaks it down, and presents the antigens on the surface of its membrane
- B- cells (Humoral response)
- T cell with complementary receptor binds to presented antigen and activates b cell
- B cell clones
- Plasma cells
- Produces specific antibodies
- Memory cells
- Remain in body to respond to pathogen quicker should there be future re infection
- Plasma cells
- B cell clones
- T cell with complementary receptor binds to presented antigen and activates b cell
- Secondary respone
- Memory cells encounter antigen and rapidly activate and divide
- Clone into plasma cells and more memory cells via mitosis
- Antibodies produced without time consuming primary response
- More antibodies more quickly
- Antibodies produced without time consuming primary response
- Clone into plasma cells and more memory cells via mitosis
- Memory cells encounter antigen and rapidly activate and divide
- Immunity and vaccinations
- Passive
- Antibodies received elsewhere
- Active
- Memory cells produced after primary immune response
- Vaccine
- Dead, attenuated or weakend pathogen
- Initiates an immune response producing memory cells
- upon re infection a secondary response occurs
- pathogen eliminated before it can cause disease
- upon re infection a secondary response occurs
- Initiates an immune response producing memory cells
- Do not work with antigenic variability
- Changing of antigens
- Dead, attenuated or weakend pathogen
- Herd immunity
- Enough individuals in population are vaccinated there is little chance of disease spreading
- Even non vaccinated individuals are protected
- Enough individuals in population are vaccinated there is little chance of disease spreading
- Passive
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Mouse injected with a pathogen/cell that will stimulate production of immune cells/antibodies
- Phagocytosis
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