Immune response
- Created by: Buffya
- Created on: 31-05-13 23:18
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- Immune response
- Communication between cells
- Cell signalling is the communication between cells that allows effective coordination of a response
- The first signalling is when the foreign antigen is detected by body cells
- Lysosomes will fight the invader so part of the pathogen ends up on the host
- Acts as a distress signal
- Acts as a marker to indicate cell is infected and T killer cells can destroy this cell
- Histamine released by infected cells makes capillaries leaky which lead pathogen to lymph nodes
- This is where macrophages are where they engulf the pathogen. They don't fully digest it
- Expose antigens on their own surface. They become antigen-presenting cells
- This is where macrophages are where they engulf the pathogen. They don't fully digest it
- Cytokines are chemical messengers that bind to specific receptors
- Macrophage release monokines that attract neutrophils by chemotaxis
- Macrophage release monokines to stimulate B cells to release antibodies
- T cells, B cells and macrophage release interleukins which stimulate B and T cells
- Many cells release interferon which can inhibit virus replication and stimulate T killer cells
- Specific response
- Pathogen detected by specific T or B lymphoctes
- This can be through macrophage turning into an antigen-presenting cell, the infected cell or antigen
- Clonal selection is the selection of the correct B and T lymphocytes
- Then clonal expansion takes place where they clone by mitosis
- Bone marrow
- B cells differentiate into
- B memory cells that remain in the blood
- Plasma cells which manufacture and release antibodies
- T cells mature in thymus gland and differentiate into
- T helper cells which release cytokines to stimulate B cells to divide and phagocytosis
- T killer cells which kill infected body cells
- T memory cells that remain in the blood
- B cells differentiate into
- Bone marrow
- Then clonal expansion takes place where they clone by mitosis
- Pathogen detected by specific T or B lymphoctes
- Communication between cells
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