Immobilised Enzymes
- Created by: Lillith7
- Created on: 21-01-21 15:46
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- Immobilised Enzymes
- Advantages
- Enzymes can be easily recovered from the product allowing them to be REUSED
- Enzymes are MORE STABLE at higher temps and a wider range of pH values so less chance of denaturing
- A MIXTURE OF ENZYMES (with different optimun temps and pH values) can be used together
- Enzymes can be easily added or removed from reaction giving GREATER CONTROL to avoid contamination and ensuring product is enzyme free
- Enzyme molecules bound to an inert insoluble material, over which the substrate molecule moves
- Types of immobilisation
- ADSORPTION
- Enzyme is attached by weak forces to the outside of an inert material such as a polymeric matrix
- ENTRAPMENT
- Enzymes are trapped within polymers (a gel) such as alginate beads
- ADSORPTION
- Disadvantages
- Not all ACTIVE SITES can be accessed when adhered to a inert material
- Need to INCREASE ENZYME CONC. to compensate for less active sites per enzyme
- Enzymes in industrial processes
- Some enzyme properties, e.g. sensitivity to pH and temp, makes them inefficient to use in industrial processes
- To overcome this enzymes are immobilised
- Why?
- catalysts thus speed up reactions
- can be reused
- act on specific substrates to produce specific products
- biodegradable so eco-friendly
- Examples of industrial enzymes
- LACTASE
- Production of lactose-free dairy products, e.g. milk
- For lactose-intolerance
- catalyses hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose
- Immobilised in column and milk poured in at top and lactose-free milk collected at bottom
- Production of lactose-free dairy products, e.g. milk
- PECTINASE
- extraction and clarification of fruit juices
- catalyses hydrolysis of pectin (polysaccharide found in cell walls) into smaller molecules
- Cells separate from each other making juice easier to collect
- PROTEASE
- Used in biological detergent
- also AMYLASE and LIPASE used
- catalyse hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids
- Immobilised into granules that breakdown protein stains, e.g. blood
- Used in biological detergent
- LACTASE
- Some enzyme properties, e.g. sensitivity to pH and temp, makes them inefficient to use in industrial processes
- Advantages
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