'If-' Rudyard Kipling 

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  • Created by: H_Coveney
  • Created on: 10-12-17 11:25
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  • 'If-' Rudyard Kipling
    • STOICISM ('stiff upper lip' philosophy)
      • iambic pentameter - strict structure represents stoic nature.
        • every other line is hyper-catalectic.
          • the alternating metrical scheme emphasises the importance of the two pairs of lines to show the consequences of the reader's actions.
      • 'never breathe a word about your loss' idea of a 'stiff upper lip'
      • 1st stanza shows a slight change in the rhyme scheme but is constant throughout the rest of the poem.
      • the balanced, fixed form, with 4 octets shows the reader he 'well-balanced'  and well rounded in their own lives.
    • DEFEAT
      • initially appears to be triumphant.
        • 'To lose one's head' is a metaphor for going crazy.
        • 'Triumph and Disaster' is personi-fication; both successes and faliures are dangerous. It can be easy to get carried away with the emotions they cause.
        • ' If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken, Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools.
          • 'twisted' is a metaphor for mis-interpreting one's words in order to deceive or 'trap' others.
      • 'Or watch the things you gave your life, to broken'
        • 'broken' is a metaphor for things changing and not going quite to plan.
    • POLITICS
      • reference to kings, queens and common people.
        • If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings - nor lose the common touch.
          • juxtaposition of opposites convey that we are all equal.
          • A good leader must be able to get along with people from opposite ends of the social spectrum ("Kings" and "crowds").
          • The idea of talking with crowds is associated with political speeches.
          • Walking with kings suggests passing with social elites.
      • 'And yet don't look too good, nor talk to wise'
        • The poet Rudyard Kipling introduces the political theme, implying that too much of anything is not good.
    • MEN AND MASCULNITY
      • he had an imperialist attitude which may in this time be seen as sexist but at the time when Kipling wrote it, gender roles were much more. segregated.
        • 'you'll be a Man, my son!'
          • perhaps directs it to a child not an adult as it is harder to change and adults ways and they're already making mistakes.
          • extended tension released in the last line as we realise who he is writing to.
          • don't know that he is talking about a man until the end of the poem.

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