Ideology and Science

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  • Created by: BWards18
  • Created on: 14-06-17 16:27
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  • Ideology and Science
    • Open Belief Systems
      • Popper
        • Believes science is an open system as theories are open to scrutiny, critics and testing by others
        • Science is governed by the principle of falsification
      • Merton
        • Science has grown due to its support from other institutions
        • Argues that science needs these norms to serve the goal of increasing sciemtific knowledge
          • Communism - Scientific knowledge is not private property
          • Universalism - Judged by universal testing and criteria
          • Disinterestedness - Committed to knowledge for its own sake
          • Organised Scepticism - No knowledge is scared
    • Closed Belief Systems
      • Kuhn
        • Science works within a single paradigm
        • Science is based on a shared set of assumptions
        • Scientists are socialised into a single paradigm
        • Interpretivists develop these ideas further and say science 'facts' are a product of shared theories and paradigms that tell them what they expect to see
    • Marxism, Feminism and Postmodernism
      • Marxism and Ideology
        • See society as divided into two opposed social classes
        • False Class consciousness to mask exploitation
        • Proletarait and Bourgeoisie
      • Hegemony and Revolution
        • GRAMSCI - Ruling class ideological domination as ideology and argues that W/C can develop ideas to challenge the ruling class hegemony
          • Dual Consciousness - ruling class ideas and ones they develop in response to oppression
          • It is possible to for them to overthrow capitalism but it needs a political party to spread the 'class consciousness'
      • Ideology of nationalism
        • Marxism - argue its a form of false class consciousness
        • Functionalists - Secular civil religion which unites everyone into a single national community
        • GELLNER - Nationalism is a modern phenomenon, industrialisation created large scale impersonal societies
        • MANNHEIM - He believes all belief systems are partial or one-sided to serve a particular groups interests
          • Ideological thought - Justifies keeping things as they are
          • Utopian Thought - Justifies social change

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JoeHart

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