Ice on the Land
Basic bullet points of all info
- Created by: GBushell
- Created on: 07-04-14 14:53
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- Ice on the Land
- Glacial Processes and Landforms
- A CORRIE is an armchair shaped hollow, high on a mountain with a steep back and side walls. May be filled with and Corrie Lake or Tarn.
- PYRAMIDAL PEAKS have a sharp summit and steep slopes on at least 3 sides. May form where 3 or more corries erode back so far to form aretes.
- U-SHAPED VALLEYs have steep sides and a wide, flat floor. Usually straight and deep.
- The glacier takes the easiest route down the hill and when it retreats it leaves a GLACIAL TROUGH. (may have a RIBBON LAKE in it)
- The glacier also erodes the NTERLOCKING SPURS to leave TRUNCATED SPURS.
- The river tributaries have been left high up creating hanging valley (possibly with a waterfall).
- The glacier also erodes the NTERLOCKING SPURS to leave TRUNCATED SPURS.
- Erosion
- PLUCKING - a glacier moves over bedrock and sticks to loose rocks, pulls them away and deposits them later on.
- ABRASION - rocks stuck to the bottom of the ice (grinding over the bedrock) leaving scratches called STRIATIONS.
- FREEZE-THAW WEATHERING - cracks and joints in rock fill with water, freezes and expands, pushing the rocks apart. Repeated freezing and thawing widens the crack, eventually rocks fall off
- Glaciers at Work
- a glacier also pushes rock in front of it down the valley - BULLDOZING
- material moved or carried by a glacier is called MORRAINE
- GLACIAL DEPOSITION - when a glacier stops moving it drops material - deposition. Deposited material is called TILL or BOULDER CLAY.
- LATERAL Morraine - moves rocks + rubble to the sides
- MEDIAL Moraine - 2 glaciers push lateral morraine together when they meet.
- TERMINAL Morraine - deposited morraine at the snout/end of a glacier
- Ground Morraine - a thin layer of material left under the glacier.
- DRUMLINS - glaciers which shape morraine into small hills, 1 steep/blunt side and 1 slope, often found in groups/swarms. Glacier moved from blunt to slope.
- a glacier also pushes rock in front of it down the valley - BULLDOZING
- Case Studies
- Rhone Glacier / Mer de Glace
- Chamonix
- Last Ice Age
- Climate Change in the Alps
- Average temperatures in the Alps are rising - @1800m temp increased by 3'C in the last 40yrs
- Mer de Glace is 500m shorter than in 1994
- Alpine summer are getting drier, driest summer in 2003 for 500yrs
- Average temperatures in the Alps are rising - @1800m temp increased by 3'C in the last 40yrs
- Mer de Glace is 500m shorter than in 1994
- Alpine summer are getting drier, driest summer in 2003 for 500yrs
- Alpine summer are getting drier, driest summer in 2003 for 500yrs
- Mer de Glace is 500m shorter than in 1994
- Average temperatures in the Alps are rising - @1800m temp increased by 3'C in the last 40yrs
- Alpine summer are getting drier, driest summer in 2003 for 500yrs
- Mer de Glace is 500m shorter than in 1994
- ECONOMIC IMPACTS
- lack of snow means resorts might not be able to rely on winter tourism
- alpine glaciers shrink less sightseers and ice climbers
- fewer visitors mean less income for businesses relying on tourism
- higher alpine resorts will thrive from more reliable snowfall, plus have more money to invest in fake snow machines
- alpine agriculture may thrive from higher snowline = longer growing season
- SOCIAL IMPACTS
- tourist businesses close, unemployment rise
- no tourism, young people leave communities to find work
- older people will be left and local businesses decline
- older people will be left and local businesses decline
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- alpine species threatened with extinction from temp rise
- lower level forests aso under threat
- alpine glaciers continue to retreat - less meltwater in lake = fish die out, + Europe's river levels will drop in summer
- increasing use of articficial snow using up huge amounts of water
- temps rise = more avalanches
- melting glaciers = flooding in lower valleys
- more rock falls as the ground thaws
- Average temperatures in the Alps are rising - @1800m temp increased by 3'C in the last 40yrs
- AVALANCHES
- Immediate Efects
- if caught in one likely to be killed or covered and suffocated
- if survive almost certainly be seriously injured and have broken bones
- buildings in path will be flattened or buried
- roads blocked, slows down rescue efforts
- Longer-term Responses
- number of tourists can fall due to fear + loss of facilities
- restaurants + hotels might be destroyed or forced to close
- local businesses, shops, ski hire + tour guides lose money
- businesses forced to close = unemployment rise
- Immediate Efects
- Glacial Processes and Landforms
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