Hviii religious policy

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  • Henry viii Religion
    • Weaknesses of the church
      • Corruption
        • Pluralism - holding more than one post
        • Simony - The selling and buying of church positions / office
        • non - residence = receiving the profits of a post without actually showing up
          • Wolsey was an example of corruption as he got his son a job in the church without training + had a wife and kid even though he was a cardinal / archbishop
      • Anticlericalism
        • Some lawyers wanted to reject canon law
        • Some clergymen enjoyed legal privileges
        • Richard Hume killed because of anti clericalism
    • Dissolution of the monasteries
      • 1536 - act for dissolution of lower monasteries (those worth £200 or less)
      • 1539 - Act of dissolution of Greater monasteries - all monasteries were closed and land given to the crown
      • 800 monasteries in total were dissolved
        • Led to communities losing a place of education and worship
        • Land was given to nobility and gentry to ensure loyalty yet they could also buy land at reduced prices which allowed the upper class to advance their wealth and status
    • Catholic elements
      • 1536 - Pilgrimage of Grace
        • Stemmed from Cromwell's dissolution of smaller monasteries which made people scared that he would attack parishes and traditional church teaching such as pilgrimages
      • 1537 - Bishops book the 4 'lost' sacraments were rediscovered but at lesser value
      • 1539 - Act of 6 articles - marked a radical shift in doctrine - acknowledged transubstantiation and confession + banned marriages of priests
      • 1543 - The King's book - revised the Bishop's book by defending transubstantiation and the 6 articles - written by Henry himself
      • Anne Askew burned for denying transubstantiation - 1546
    • Protestant elements
      • 1532 - First Act of Annates - banned payment of annates to Rome and instead payed them to the church of England
      • 1533 - Act in restraints of Appeals - began transferring papal powers to Henry
        • 1534 - Second Act of Annates - Abbots and Bishops to be appointed by the King
      • 1534 - Act if Supremacy - Henry was made supreme head of the church of England
      • 1536 - Act of Dissolution fro smaller monasteries (under £200 income)
      • 1536 - Act of 10 articles - the seven sacraments of catholic doctrine were rejected
      • 1537 - Bishops book - no discussion of transubstantiation
      • 1538 - royal injunctions - people discouraged from pilgrimages e.g. Thomas Beckett's shrine destroyed at Canterbury cathedral
      • 1546 - Henry named a heavily protestant regency council to rule for Edward
    • Acts
      • 1534 - First Act of Succession - annulled Henry and Catherine's marriage and put Henry and Anne's children into the succession

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