Humanistic Approach
- Created by: 0045253
- Created on: 30-05-22 15:41
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- Humanistic Approach
- Assumptions
- Emphasis is on the study of the whole person.
- Concerns itself with explanations of ‘healthy’ growth in individuals (unlike Freud).
- Free Will
- It claims that human beings
are essentially self-determining and have free will.
- This does not mean we are not affected by external and internal influences but we are active agents who have the ability to determine our own development.
- It claims that human beings
are essentially self-determining and have free will.
- Self- Actualisation
- Each
person has an innate tendency to achieve their full potential – to become the
best they can possibly be.
- Maslow and Rogers are both Humanistic theorists. They differ in their believe of how to achieve self-actualisation.
- Each
person has an innate tendency to achieve their full potential – to become the
best they can possibly be.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- To achieve the primary goal of self-actualisation, a number of other deficiency needs must be met first. . A person is only able to progress up the hierarchy once the current need in the sequence has been met.
- Physiological Needs = food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep.
- Safety + Security = health, employment, property, family.
- Love + Belonging = friendships, family, intimacy.
- Self-esteem = confidence, achievement, respect of others.
- Self-actualization = morality, creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, inner potential.
- Self-esteem = confidence, achievement, respect of others.
- Love + Belonging = friendships, family, intimacy.
- Safety + Security = health, employment, property, family.
- The Self + Congruence (Carl Rogers)
- For personal growth to be
achieved, an individual’s concept of self
(the way they see themselves) must be broadly equivalent to or have congruence with ideal self (the person I want to be).
- If a bigger gap exists between the two selves, the person will experience a state of incongruence; self-actualisation will not be possible due to the negative feelings of self-worth that arise.
- For personal growth to be
achieved, an individual’s concept of self
(the way they see themselves) must be broadly equivalent to or have congruence with ideal self (the person I want to be).
- Role of Conditions of Worth
- In order to reduce the gap between self-concept and the ideal self, Rogers developed a client-centred therapy to help people cope with the problems of everyday living.
- Rogers claimed that many of
the issues we experience as adults such as worthlessness and low self-esteem
have their roots in childhood and can often be explained by lack of
unconditional positive regard (or lack of unconditional love) from parents.
- A parent who sets
boundaries and limits on their love for their child by claiming is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future
- Roger believed effective therapists could provide clients with the unconditional positive regard they had failed to receive as children.
- A parent who sets
boundaries and limits on their love for their child by claiming is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future
- The Influence on Counselling Psychology
- Rogers referred to those in therapy as clients rather than as patients.
- Rogerian
therapy is non-directive: the client is encouraged towards discovering their
own solutions within a therapeutic atmosphere that is warm, supportive and
non-judgemental.
- An effective therapist should provide the client with 3 things: genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard
- Rogerian therapy aims to increase the person’s feeling of self-worth, reduce the level of incongruence between the self-concept and the ideal self and help the person to become a fully functioning person
- Contributions
- Developed person-centred counselling which was the first therapy to put the client at the heart of the therapeutic process
- Influenced many other fields such as education, social work and business.
- Emphasises the importance of self-determinisation and free will
- Is the only approach that emphasises the study of the whole person.
- Emphasised role of unique, subjective experience therefore, rejected the scientific method as they didn’t consider it to be an appropriate method to study complex human behaviour.
- Developed person-centred counselling which was the first therapy to put the client at the heart of the therapeutic process
- STRENGTH
- P -
The
humanistic approach is holistic
- E - Humanistic
Psychologists reject attempts to break experience into smaller components.
- E - Instead they advocate
holism, the idea that subjective experience can only be understood by
considering the whole person.
- L - This humanistic approach could be more valid compared to other approaches as it looks at the layers of meaning in human behaviour in a real-life context.
- E - Instead they advocate
holism, the idea that subjective experience can only be understood by
considering the whole person.
- E - Humanistic
Psychologists reject attempts to break experience into smaller components.
- P - A
strength of humanistic is its practical application of a person centred
approach.
- E -
Rogers
work transformed psychotherapy with the introduction of ‘client-centred
therapy’.
- E - Furthermore,
counselling techniques are practised not only in clinical settings, but through
education, health, social work and industry.
- L - This means the humanistic approach has had a broad application to many settings increasing its value.
- E - Furthermore,
counselling techniques are practised not only in clinical settings, but through
education, health, social work and industry.
- E -
Rogers
work transformed psychotherapy with the introduction of ‘client-centred
therapy’.
- P -
The
humanistic approach is holistic
- WEAKNESS
- P -
The
emphasis on conscious awareness limits the scope of the humanistic approach.
- E - There
are times when individuals do things and don’t know why, they are not
consciously exercising their own free will.
- E - This can be
alternatively explained by the psychodynamic approach using the concept of
unconscious motivation.
- L - This means that the humanistic approach can only provide us with a partial explanation for behaviour which may be more fully explained using other approaches.
- E - This can be
alternatively explained by the psychodynamic approach using the concept of
unconscious motivation.
- E - There
are times when individuals do things and don’t know why, they are not
consciously exercising their own free will.
- P - A
limitation of the approach is that humanistic approach includes untestable
concepts.
- E - Humanistic psychology
includes a number of vague ideas that are abstract and difficult to test.
- E -For
example concepts such as ‘self-actualisation’ and ‘congruence’ although Rogers
did attempt to introduce more rigour developing the Q-sort Technique.
- L - This means that the humanistic approach is considered unscientific and humanism is short of empirical evidence to support its assumptions.
- E -For
example concepts such as ‘self-actualisation’ and ‘congruence’ although Rogers
did attempt to introduce more rigour developing the Q-sort Technique.
- E - Humanistic psychology
includes a number of vague ideas that are abstract and difficult to test.
- P -
The
emphasis on conscious awareness limits the scope of the humanistic approach.
- Assumptions
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