Humanistic Approach
- Created by: hollylouisee.x
- Created on: 13-05-19 09:31
View mindmap
- Humanistic Approach
- Abraham Maslow
- hierarchy of needs
- a hierarchy from our most basic needs which need to be fulfilled before we can move onto more advanced needs
- focuses on the self
- 1. physiological
- e.g. breathing, food
- 2. safety
- e.g. employment, health
- 3. belonging
- e.g. family, sexual intimacy
- 4. esteem
- e.g. confidence, achievement
- 5. self-actualisation
- e.g. spontaneity, acceptance of facts
- this is the goal of the hierarchy of needs
- hierarchy of needs
- Carl Rogers
- argues self-concept comes from opinions of others and our own feelings of self-worth which develop in childhood and are the result of interactions with our parents
- argues we have a self-concept and an ideal self
- self-concept is how we see ourselves
- ideal self is how we would like to be
- congruence is when there is a similarity between actual and ideal self
- self-actualisation occurs when someone has congruence
- someone who is self-actualising is a fully functioning person, according to Rogers
- Rogers says the main determinant of self-actualisation is childhood experience
- self-actualisation occurs when someone has congruence
- incongruence is when there is a large gap between actual and ideal self
- conditions of worth
- conditional positive regard is when someone is loved under certain circumstances
- unconditional positive regard is when someone is love no matter what
- conditions of worth are the conditions a person perceives significant others put upon them and which they believe have to be in place if they are to be accepted by others and to see themselves positively
- a person will only experience self-acceptance when they feel they meet the expectations that others have set as conditions of worth
- Rogers says psychological problems are the direct result of conditions of worth and conditional positive regard they receive from others
- counselling
- Rogers says this can help people solve problems in constructive ways and move towards become a more fully functioning person
- therapists provide unconditional positive regard, empathy, acceptance and understanding regardless of client's feelings and attitudes
- this is important as it offers a supportive environment to dissolve the conditions of worth and help the client move towards behaving how they are rather than how people want them to
- client-centred therapy reduces the gap between self-concept and ideal self which helps people to cope with problems of everyday living
- the humanistic approach focuses on conscious human experience and free will
- free will is the idea that we are able to have some choice in how we act and assumes that we are free to choose our behaviour
- three assumptions this approach makes about free will are: we make our own choices, interpret our own world, our own subjective experiences matter
- this does not mean we are not responsible for our actions
- free will is the idea that we are able to have some choice in how we act and assumes that we are free to choose our behaviour
- humanistic psychologists try to understand behaviour though the person themselves rather than relying on observations
- brings the person back into psychology and promotes a positive image of self and sees all people as good, free to work towards the achievement of their potential and able to be in control of their lives
- many ideas central to this approach are more associated with western cultures than other types which leads to cultural bias
- Abraham Maslow
Comments
No comments have yet been made