Human Genome project and anxiety disorders
- Created by: Sophie
- Created on: 14-01-13 19:35
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- Human Genome Project
- Facts
- Aim : To sequence all nucleotides in a human genome
- Started in 1990
- First complete sequence published in 2003
- A human genome
- Chromosomes: Autosomes = 22, Sex chromosomes = 2
- Base pairs = 3.1 GB
- Genes = 25,521
- Proteins = ~100,000
- Impact on drug discovery
- Discovered novel new peptides/proteins
- Discovered ~1000 G-protein coupled receptors
- Major impact on development of anti-anxiety drugs
- Anxiety Disorder
- What is it
- Normal
- Response to actual or percieved threat, heightened alertness, "fight or flight", acute invreased heart rate + breathing
- Pathological
- May ot may not be a threat, phobias, verbal complaints by sufferer of unease, symptoms interfere with life and productivity
- Normal
- Disorders
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Phobias
- Panic disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Disorders
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Phobias
- Panic disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Panic disorders
- Phobias
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Disorders
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Panic disorders
- Phobias
- Generalised anxiety disorder
- Symptoms
- Excessive worry
- Sleep disturbances
- Shakiness
- Dry mouth
- Upset stomach
- Flashbacks
- Dizziness
- Sweating
- Numbness, tingling
- High pulse, breathing rate
- Symptoms
- Excessive worry
- Sleep disturbances
- Shakiness
- Dry mouth
- Upset stomach
- Flashbacks
- Dizziness
- Sweating
- Numbness, tingling
- High pulse, breathing rate
- High pulse, breathing rate
- Numbness, tingling
- Sweating
- Dizziness
- Flashbacks
- Upset stomach
- Dry mouth
- Shakiness
- Sleep disturbances
- Excessive worry
- Symptoms
- High pulse, breathing rate
- Numbness, tingling
- Sweating
- Dizziness
- Flashbacks
- Upset stomach
- Dry mouth
- Shakiness
- Sleep disturbances
- Excessive worry
- Treatment
- Sedatives + hypnotics
- CNS depressants
- Chlorodiazepoxide - the 1st anxiolytic
- BZDs (Benzodiazepines)
- Pharmacological properties
- Reduction of anxiety + aggression
- Sedation + induction of sleep
- Amanestic effect- inhibits memory acquisition
- Reduction of muscle tone (muscle relaxation)
- Anticonvulsants
- Pharmacological properties
- Reduction of anxiety + aggression
- Sedation + induction of sleep
- Amanestic effect- inhibits memory acquisition
- Reduction of muscle tone (muscle relaxation)
- Anticonvulsants
- Anticonvulsants
- Reduction of muscle tone (muscle relaxation)
- Amanestic effect- inhibits memory acquisition
- Sedation + induction of sleep
- Reduction of anxiety + aggression
- Pharmacological properties
- Anticonvulsants
- Reduction of muscle tone (muscle relaxation)
- Amanestic effect- inhibits memory acquisition
- Sedation + induction of sleep
- Reduction of anxiety + aggression
- Act through specific binding sites
- Act through GABA
- Major inhibitory transmitter in brain
- Acts through 2 receptor sites; GABA-A , GABA-B
- GABA-A predominant in brain
- GABA-B predominant in spinal cord
- Acts through 2 receptor sites; GABA-A , GABA-B
- Major inhibitory transmitter in brain
- FACTS
- BZD agonists are anxiolytic
- BZD antagonists are not anxiolytic but block agonists
- BZD receptor is a GABA-A subunit
- Molecular structure of GABA-A receptors
- Multisubunit, ligand-gated chloride channel
- GABA binding site at a/B interface
- 2 x a + 2 x B + 1 x y
- Multisubunit, ligand-gated chloride channel
- Molecular structure of GABA-A receptors
- BZD agonists are anxiolytic
- Problems
- Toxic effects from acute overdose
- Unwanted sedation
- Potentiate effects of ethanol
- Problems with driving
- Addiction / dependence
- Unwanted amanetic effect
- Problems
- Toxic effects from acute overdose
- Unwanted sedation
- Potentiate effects of ethanol
- Problems with driving
- Addiction / dependence
- Unwanted amanetic effect
- Rohypnol / *********
- Unwanted amanetic effect
- Addiction / dependence
- Problems with driving
- Potentiate effects of ethanol
- Unwanted sedation
- Toxic effects from acute overdose
- Rohypnol / *********
- Problems
- Unwanted amanetic effect
- Addiction / dependence
- Problems with driving
- Potentiate effects of ethanol
- Unwanted sedation
- Toxic effects from acute overdose
- Pharmacological properties
- Non BZD Anxiolytics
- Cyclopyrrolones
- Zopiclone
- Imidazopyridines
- Zolpidem
- Persistent vegetative state
- Failure to respond to environment
- May show sleep cycles
- Persistent vegetative state
- Zolpidem
- Cyclopyrrolones
- What is it
- Facts
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