Human Processes
- Created by: izzygreenxoxo
- Created on: 04-04-17 16:08
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- Human processes
- Genes, Chromosomes and DNA
- Nucleus - most cells have it - contains genetic material as chromosomes
- Chromosomes - 23 pairs in a nucleus
- Genes - carried by chromosomes - control characteristics - short length of chromosome
- DNA - in genes - coiled up to form the 'arms' of a chromosome
- Genes - carried by chromosomes - control characteristics - short length of chromosome
- Chromosomes - 23 pairs in a nucleus
- Nucleus - most cells have it - contains genetic material as chromosomes
- Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
- The fusion of male and female gametes creating offspring with a mixture of the parents genes
- Gametes
- 23 chromosomes
- Egg and sperm cells fuse to create one cell with a full set of chromosomes
- Why an offspring has characteristics from both parents
- Variation in offspring
- Why an offspring has characteristics from both parents
- Asexual reproduction
- One parent with no fusion of gametes, no mixing of chromosomes to create a geneticaly identical offspring
- How animals grow and produce replacement cells
- Some organisms produce offspring this way- bacteria and plants
- Sexual reproduction
- Cloning
- Plants
- Cuttings
- Take a section of a good plant
- Create genetically identical offspring
- Plants can be produced quickly and cheaply
- Tissue culture
- Few plant cells - growth medium with hormones
- Grow into new plants - clonesof the parent plant
- Plants made quickly, small spaces, all year
- Few plant cells - growth medium with hormones
- Cuttings
- Animals - embryo transplants
- Take sperm cells and egg cells
- IVF
- Take sperm cells and egg cells
- Adult cell cloning
- Unfertilise egg - remove genetic material implantedult body cell material
- Stimulate w/ electric shock - divide
- IVF
- Stimulate w/ electric shock - divide
- Unfertilise egg - remove genetic material implantedult body cell material
- Issues
- Reduced gene pool - population is all closely related
- Health may deteriorate
- Plants
- Genetic engineering
- Cut and paste genes
- Useful gene is 'cut' using enzymes
- Enzymes 'cut' another organisms chromosome and 'paste' the useful gene
- Useful gene is 'cut' using enzymes
- Genes transferred into animals and plants
- GM crops ave had genes modified
- Sheep have been GM to produce substances in milk
- Treat diseases with gene therapy
- Controversial
- Potential of solving many problems
- Long-term effects are unknown
- GM crops
- Pros
- Increase crop yeild
- Help provide nutrients needed
- Don't cause problems atm
- Cons
- Reduce farmland biodiversity
- May not be safe
- Transplanted genes get out into environment
- Pros
- Cut and paste genes
- Genes, Chromosomes and DNA
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