How Reliably Are Eye Witness Testimonies?
- Created by: BecsaBabe
- Created on: 20-11-14 14:15
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- How reliable are Eye Witness Testimonies?
- Reconstructive Memory
- Bartlett (1934)
- Memory is an imaginative resconstruction of what happened and can be affected by confabulation which is filling in gaps with scemas
- Allport and Postman (1947)
- When recalling picture they said it was the black man holding the razor.
- Bartlett (1934)
- Leading Questions
- Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- found leading questions affected acuuracy of recall
- More dramatic adjectives when asking about a car crash higher predictions of cars speed
- found leading questions affected acuuracy of recall
- Loftus and Zanni (1975)
- Did you see the broken head light?
- more particiapnts recalled borken glass (which wasnt there)
- Did you see a broken headlight?
- Did you see the broken head light?
- Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- Anxiety/Stress
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
- stressfull incident --> better recall
- witness of a gun shooting outside a shop in Canada
- stressfull incident --> better recall
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- 110 witness of 22 bank robberies
- Victims had better recall of the event up to 15 months after it happened
- 110 witness of 22 bank robberies
- Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908)
- Recall is better with moderate arousal
- EWT is stressfull therefore worse recall
- Recall is better with moderate arousal
- Freud
- We repress stressful events to protect ourselves from negative emotions
- Koehler et al (2002)
- 50 words --? measured GSR
- higher GSR / more anxiety / worse recall
- 50 words --? measured GSR
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
- Age
- Yamey (1984)
- 80% Elderly
- failed to metion a knife
- 20% young adults
- failed to metion a knife
- 20% young adults
- 80% Elderly
- Gorden et al (2001)
- Children are susceptable to suggestions so their EWT are less accurate
- Yamey (1984)
- Weapon Focus
- Concentration on a weapon reduces accuracy on everything else recalled
- Loftus et al (1987)
- customer who held a gun
- less likely to identify person
- Customer who held a chequebook
- able to identify the person
- customer who held a gun
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
- wintesses of a gun shooting outside a shop in Canada
- Good recall of the event and still had good recall 15 years later
- wintesses of a gun shooting outside a shop in Canada
- Cross-Race Identification
- people have difficulty identifying members of other races than there own
- everyone from a different race look similar under pressure
- Anthony et al
- found we recognise people from our 'in' group more than those in an 'out' group
- people have difficulty identifying members of other races than there own
- Reconstructive Memory
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