How far was Royal Power Increased?
- Created by: eleanorfarnold
- Created on: 31-05-15 11:12
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- How far was Royal Power Increased?HVIII - EVI (1535-1553)
- Control of Religion
- HENRY
- WEALTH
- 1536: Act of Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries
- 1538: Dissolution of the greater monasteries
- PARLIAMENT
- meant that they were supported by the 'political nation' tf. supposedly more difficult to reverse
- CONTROL
- 1534: Act of Supremacy + Treason Act (denial)
- the control of the wealth of Church enabled the crown increased Patronage, income and land all of which would increase support. Theoretically...
- WEALTH
- ED
- TREASON ACTS
- 1547: saying/writing that King is not SHOC or attempting to deprive king/succesors = treason
- 1552: offense to question the supremacy or articles of faith
- WEALTH
- 1552: Northumberland values church at £1million+ steps to acquire wealth hindered by Ed's death...
- CONTROL
- S 1548: proclomation limiting who can preach and what can be preached
- N 1549: all ecclesiastical courts are put in Eds name
- TREASON ACTS
- HENRY
- Use of Parliament
- ED
- Northumberland increasingly used Parliament because Somerset's use of own council had been extremely unpopular
- HENRY
- Parliament passed all of Henry's legislation however was now expected to be consulted - 'King in Parliament'
- made law that Lord Chancellor (appointed by Henry) oversaw the House of Lords (even if not a lord himself)
- the extent to which Henry could use Parliament to raise taxes was limited - subsidy and loans
- Parliament legitmised Break w Rome and Council
- ED
- Development of Central Government/Political Administration
- ED
- N increased the Privy council to 33 members - can invite friends (i.e.. Thomas Grey)
- S - goes backwards - uses own council
- 'Lord Protector'
- 1551 set up Privy coffer
- HENRY
- PRIVY COUNCIL
- 1539 = 19ish members, beaurocratic, split into different councils
- no space for one ruling minister - why under Cromwell had limited its success
- advised the ruler, administered the realm and appointed magistrates and often acted as JPs
- 'managed' parliament
- 1541 - 'Court of Chancery' created meant own secretary, Henry had no need for another chief minister
- 1539 = 19ish members, beaurocratic, split into different councils
- FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION
- before 1538 sums went straight to exchequer 'kings purse' = slow and inefficient
- 1536 - Court of Augmentations = monastic property and revenue (1554 = part of Exchequer) 1540 - Court of Wards - Y form warships (-> crown prevents corruption) 1541 - Courts of Fruits and 10ths 1542 - Court of General surveyors
- PRIVY CHAMBER
- King controls patronage
- members could use relationship with King to promote self - Reformists + great seal
- personal relationship = manipulation?!
- PRIVY COUNCIL
- ED
- Centralisation of Government
- HENRY
- increase in Service Nobles (i.e. Somerset, and Northumberland...)
- Act of Union - Wales incorporated into English legal system - lack of revolt = successful. i.e. JPs County courts etc.
- 1541 Liberties and Franchises ended - reduced magnate law
- Regional Councils report to Privy Council
- increasingly run be service nobles i.e. Council of the North run by Bishop Tunstall from 1537
- Common law courts = in London however regional travelling County assizes where judges went on circuit
- supported by JPs 1/4 sessions
- unpaid but good reputation as self interest. Made into law through parliament replaced use of Sheriffs
- county assizes became irrelevant due to laziness and corruption
- supported by JPs 1/4 sessions
- ED
- 1550 new treason act enabled JPs to restore law and order in localities
- 1550 - Lord Lieutenants were made permanent
- HENRY
- Finances
- ED
- Increased
- N = last debasement in 1551, almost halves debt from £300,000 to £180,000
- N secure an emergency Hh fund
- N calls in all crown debts
- N sends Thomas Gresham to the Neds 12+ who achieves the manipulation of sterling in order to pay off debts.
- William Paulet - Lord Treasurer (had been keeper of the great seal)
- 1548 - S introduced an incredible unpopular 5% tax on property and sheep
- Decreased
- S continued debasement and the maintenance of Garrisons in boulogne and on the scottish borders (cost£351,000)
- S is forced to sell lands to maintain support and solvency of the crown. Sells Boulogne for £133,333, also Church and chantry lands
- Increased
- HENRY
- Decreased
- Battle of Solway Moss 1542 - aided Scottish and French relations vs England (MQS -> French dauphin)
- War - Henry's war in France cost £2m + raised from loans, subsidies and the unwise debasement of the economy
- Henry's financial policies caused massive inflation - in Edward's reign this was exacerbated by poor harvests (1549)
- became known as 'copper nose' cos so little gold/silver
- Increased
- church lands
- Decreased
- ED
- King's age
- HENRY
- ill mobile and irritable
- Reformists gained control of the dry stamp - could act under the King's name
- however personally oversaw (protestant) Anne Askew's burning in 1547 and ordered Norfolk and Surrey's executions
- intervened in what he cared about...
- mumpsimus sumpsimus - last speech t parliament doesn't like faction
- ED
- Edward was a minor making his policy determined by his regional council - the members of which were determined by the council's leader
- 1552: Ed's majority changed to 16
- his personal dislike of Somerset and his belief that his religious policies didn't go far enough helped orchestrate S' fall
- he began to sit in on council meetings - specific say in religious (and domestic) policy
- HENRY
- Control of Religion
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