How did Henry II secure the realm?
Refers to AQA A2 History - Angevin Kings Module
- Created by: Bethany
- Created on: 16-04-14 20:28
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- How did Henry II secure the realm?
- Advantages on his succession
- Henry was the UNDISPUTED HEIR to the throne
- First smooth succession since Edward the Confessor - over 100 years earlier.
- Henry had a year to sort things out, as he was identified under the TREATY OF WINCHESTER as Stephen's heir.
- Gave himself time to familiarise himself with the Kingdom and carefully choose chief ministers.
- There was a great desire amongst the people to KEEP THE PEACE after the anarcy of the reign of Stephen.
- Henry was the UNDISPUTED HEIR to the throne
- The Justiciars
- Chose two men to be in charged of the royal administration
- Richard de Lucy
- A man of great experience who had fought against him.
- Was in charge of the Tower of London and Windsor Castle
- One of Stephen's most trusted servants - a member of the knightly class.
- Had risen under Henry I and proved himself under Stephen so was known as 'THE LOYAL'
- Robert Beaumont, Earl of Leicester
- Richard de Lucy
- Chose two men to be in charged of the royal administration
- The Chancellor
- Henry would have been expected to appoint a trusted man from his own chapel
- BUT...
- Consulted Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury who recommended THOMAS BECKET
- Won him support of Archbishop and concequently English Church
- Also gained him affinity with Londoners as Becket was a Londoner himself, having served as a clerk and accountant to the Sheriffs of London.
- Consulted Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury who recommended THOMAS BECKET
- BUT...
- Henry would have been expected to appoint a trusted man from his own chapel
- Dealing with the Barons
- OVER-MIGHTY BARONS had flourished under Stephen, and continued to be a problem, even though the Civil War had ended in 1147.
- The Royal Writ did not run in some parts of the country and FINANCES paid into the Exchequer were not consistent.
- Henry achieved peace and stability within a year by...
- Expelling the Flemish Mercenaries
- Weakened the King's military base BUT had a positive effect on public opinion remembered for a generation.
- Demolishing the illeagal castles that had been built in Stephen's reign
- Attack to the heart of Baronial Power
- Helped by the fact he was undisputed King
- Did face OPPOSITION from the Earl of York, William Le Gros, the Earl of Hereford, Rodger, and Hugh Mortimer, Lord of Wigmore.
- Henry marched against William in December 1154 - the earl was forced to SURRENDER his castles.
- Attack to the heart of Baronial Power
- Expelling the Flemish Mercenaries
- Law and Property
- JUSTICE had been a major casualty since the reign of Stephen
- Most of first year of reign hearing GRIEVANCES regarding rights and lands
- Difficult after 20 years of conflict and confusion
- Most of first year of reign hearing GRIEVANCES regarding rights and lands
- The starting point for lawful possession was the death of Henry I, but the lack of hereditary practice made his task difficult
- Nevertheless he managed with a GREAT DEGREE OF SUCCESS.
- Named Henry the Peacemaker by one Chronicler
- Nevertheless he managed with a GREAT DEGREE OF SUCCESS.
- JUSTICE had been a major casualty since the reign of Stephen
- Advantages on his succession
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