How consistent was Mussolini foreign policy

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  • To what extent Mussolini had a consistent foreign policy?
    • NO .   Changing his internationalist foreign policies to imperialist foreign policy after the Hoare-Laval Pact
      • Before the Hoare-Laval
        • International
          • Locarno Treaty ('25)        Promising protect the one who felt to victims of the treaty; If Germany acted against Fr, It would assist Fr, vice versa
            • Kellogg-Briand Pact ('28) .               promised not using war as a way to solve national disputes
              • Attend 1930 London Naval Conference, committed to reduce the size of Navy
                • Stopping Hitler's attempt of Anschluss, & Murder of Dolfuss ('34)
                  • Stresa Front  ('35)    a conference in response to Hitler conscription and building up air force
      • After the Hoar-Laval Pact
        • Side with Hitler
          • cooperating with Hitler during the Spanish Civil War ('36)
            • Rome-Berlin Axis ('36)
              • Joining Spanish Civil War ('37), bombing Guernica)
                • The League imposed sanctions and Italy left the League
                  • Allowing Germany to annex Austria ('38); and met Hitler in Rome talking Pact of Steel ('39)
                    • Invade Albania ('39)
                      • an incoherent foreign policy; switching their side from Br+Fr to Gr.
                        • Stresa Front  ('35)    a conference in response to Hitler conscription and building up air force
                        • The aims of Mussolini Foreign policy were consistent, even when they building up a good relations with victor power, he attempted to enhance Italy prestige, Flume, Corfu, stopping Hitler attempt in Anschluss; However, the diplomacy was inconsistent and the result of the failure of Hoare-Laval Pact
                          • It shows that Mussolini did not have a consistent ally but a consistent aim which was to make Italy 'great, respected and feared", choosing the side which provided Italy greatest interest.
                            • Joins Gold Standard ('27)
    • Making Italy "Great, Respect and Feared"
      • Aiming to build a strong Italy
        • Economy
          • Mussolini request the King to visit USA ('23)
            • Debt negotiation ('24)
              • Joins Gold Standard ('27)
        • Military & Prestige
          • Corfu ('23)
            • Humiliating Greece by demanding high-profile funereal for Italian soldier. Building lots of Italian theatres in Corfu
            • Taking control of Flume (after negotiating with Yugoslavia ('24)
            • Four power treaty ('33) .      Anti-soviet Front
              • Consolidate the position of Fascist Italy would not be disintegrated by communism
              • Invasion of Abyssinia (Oct '35)
                • Hoare-Laval Pact (Dec '35)
                  • Ensure the consent of Br and Fr; they first met at Jan '35
                  • Switching their side with Hitler ('35) after the economic sanctions
                    • Sanction was insignificant as oil was not in the list
                    • It shows that Mussolini did not have a consistent ally but a consistent aim which was to make Italy 'great, respected and feared", choosing the side which provided Italy greatest interest.
    • Invasion of Abyssinia (Oct '35)
      • Hoare-Laval Pact (Dec '35)
        • Ensure the consent of Br and Fr; they first met at Jan '35
        • Switching their side with Hitler ('35) after the economic sanctions
          • Sanction was insignificant as oil was not in the list

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