How antibiotics work
- Created by: kpritchard16
- Created on: 02-06-18 10:58
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- How antibiotics work
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitors e.g. beta-lactam
- the enzyme transpeptidase which forms the links between NAG and NAM is blocked by beta-lactam, causing lysis
- It has a similar structure to D-alanyl D-alanine, shows competitive inhibition and is irreversible
- Protein synthesis e.g. aminoglycosides
- target the 30S subunit of ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and are useful for treatment of infections by Gram-negative bacteria
- Nucleic acid synthesis e.g. sulphonamides
- blocks synthesis of folic acid, thereby inhibiting nucleic acid syntheis
- it's selectively tocix in bacteria as they synthesize their own folic acid whereas humans and animals get folic acid from their diet
- resistance for this has increased
- Cell membrane e.g. daptomycin
- mainly treats Gram-positive bacteria, binds specifically to bacteria cytoplasmic membranes, forms a pore, and induces rapid depolarization of membrane
- the depolarized cell quickly loses its ability to synthesize macro- molecules such as nucleic acid and proteins, resulting in cell death
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitors e.g. beta-lactam
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