HIV
- Created by: Niamh M
- Created on: 16-05-18 10:13
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- How it infects:
- Protein on HIV binds to CD4 protein
- Protein capsid fuses with cell surface membrane
- RNA and enzymes enter helper T cell
- Reverse transcriptase enzyme converts viral RNA to DNA
- DNA inserted into T helper cell nucleus and is inserted into DNA
- HIV DNA creates mRNA using cell's enzymes
- mRNA passes out through nuclear pores
- Uses T helper cell mechanisms to synthesise HIV particles
- Particles break away from helper T cell with a piece of cell surface membrane- forming the HIV lipid envelope
- Uses T helper cell mechanisms to synthesise HIV particles
- mRNA passes out through nuclear pores
- HIV DNA creates mRNA using cell's enzymes
- DNA inserted into T helper cell nucleus and is inserted into DNA
- Reverse transcriptase enzyme converts viral RNA to DNA
- RNA and enzymes enter helper T cell
- Protein capsid fuses with cell surface membrane
- HIV
- Effects of HIV
- Can lead to AIDS after the replication goes into dormancy for a few years
- Helper T cells attacked
- Can't stimulate the division of B cells
- Can't make antibodies
- Can't produce cytotoxic T cells
- Can't produce adequate response to pathogen so the person is more susceptible to other diseases
- Memory cells damaged
- Can't stimulate the division of B cells
- ELISA test
- Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Detects presence of protein in a sample
- E.g. HIV and pathogens of disease like TB and Hep.
- Apply sample to surface where all the antigens in the sample will attach
- Wash surface to remove unattached antigens
- Add antibody specific to desired antigen and allow to bind
- Add a second antibody (with enzyme attached) that binds with the first antibody
- Add colourless substrate of the enzyme
- Enzyme breaks substrate down into a coloured product
- Amount of antigen present is relative to the intensity of colour that develops
- Enzyme breaks substrate down into a coloured product
- Add colourless substrate of the enzyme
- Add a second antibody (with enzyme attached) that binds with the first antibody
- Add antibody specific to desired antigen and allow to bind
- Wash surface to remove unattached antigens
- Effects of HIV
- Protein on HIV binds to CD4 protein
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