History USA section 1 chapter 1
- Created by: Kbarker179359
- Created on: 27-02-20 08:27
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- Section 1: Chapter 1- Era of Reconstruction 1865-77
- Pgs 1-28
- USA in 1865
- North / South differences
- Cultural & industrial differences
- Ownership of slaves
- South supported slavery heavily
- 1860: nearly 4 mil slaves
- Differing views in treatment
- Powers of the presidency & fed gov.
- Led to outbreak of civil war 1861
- Lincoln- repub pres.
- Destruction, loss of lives
- Huge economic expense
- emancipation of 3.5 mil slaves
- Political system
- Fed / central govs & state govs
- Almost all white males had right to vote
- Federal system of gov
- but has limited impact on lives of most Americans
- Republicans & Democrats
- Repubs favoured wealth, business and reduced gov control
- North p- mostly repub, south mostly dem
- Dems in favour of more gov involvement esp. social issues
- Repubs favoured wealth, business and reduced gov control
- Economy
- Enormous reserves of natural resources
- Rapidly growing pop
- 31.5 mil=1860 to 50mil =1880
- Immigration & better incomes
- Western expansion
- Manifest Destiny
- Mormons, Brigham Young- Salt Lake City
- Conflict with Native Americans
- Great Sioux War 1876
- Battle of Little Bighorn June 1876
- Sand Creek Massacre 1864
- Reservation policy
- Bonanza farms- big farms
- Homestead Act 1862, Timber & Culture Act 1873, Desert & Land Act 1877
- Western expansion
- Immigration & better incomes
- 31.5 mil=1860 to 50mil =1880
- Large farming pop
- Good transport infrastructure
- Economic differences N/S
- Growth of industry
- Free trade & tariffs
- North / South differences
- Johnson, Grant & failure of Radical Reconstruction
- Recon. Under Lincoln
- Ten percent plan- 1864, 10% oath of allegiance to USA
- Led to Wade-Davis Bill 1865, 50% tougher oath
- Vetoed by Lincoln
- Led to Wade-Davis Bill 1865, 50% tougher oath
- Thirteenth Amendment- 1865, formally freed all slaves
- Freedmen,s Bureau 1865- helped former slaves
- Ten percent plan- 1864, 10% oath of allegiance to USA
- Recon. Under Johnson 1865-68
- Accepted Wade-Davis Bill
- Had no wish to promote position of ex-slaves
- Wanted to restore southern states quickly
- gained opposition
- Civil Rights Bill 1866- he sided with Dems, vetoed bill to strengthen Freedmen’s Bureau
- Bill to give minimum rights to ex-slaves, vetoed but Congress overturned it
- Fourteenth Amendment-ensured civil rights bill could not be changed, granted citizenship, but failed to become law
- Radical recon
- Military Reconstruction Bill-1867
- Command of the Army Act
- Tenure of Office Act
- Johnson ignored this and was impeached 1868
- he remained pres. but had poor reputation
- Johnson ignored this and was impeached 1868
- Recon. Under Grant 1868
- In favour of firm treatment of south
- Carpetbaggers and scalawags
- Carpetbaggers- northerners with support of US army
- Scalawags- southern whites who formed coalition with black freedmen
- Fifteenth Amendment 1869
- Right to vote no matter what race
- Scandals damaged his rep
- Spectators tried to manipulate gold market
- Led to financial panic- Black Friday 24th Sept 1869
- Whiskey Ring scandal- conspired to defraud fed gov of liquor tax revenue
- Spectators tried to manipulate gold market
- End of Recon 1876-77
- Election of 1876 & compromise of 1877
- Tilden & Hayes
- Dems would accept Hayes as pres. if he removed troops from south
- Tilden & Hayes
- N thrived economically, S did not
- Election of 1876 & compromise of 1877
- Recon. Under Lincoln
- African Americans & Recon.
- 4 mil slaves freed
- 2 black senators & 20 black reps in Congress
- Gained little / no land
- Most became sharecroppers for white landowners
- Economic hardship- fall in cotton prices
- Failed to guarantee civil rights- still treated as second-class
- Segregation & ‘Jim Crow’ laws
- Some but few became doctors, lawyers & teachers
- some favoured segregation as they didn’t want to mix with whites
- KKK: 1866, beatings & lynchings
- Economic growth
- Civil war; demand for manufactured goods, transport & mass production
- Tariffs
- Financial infrastructure grew- banks etc
- Availability of land
- Further railroads, farming grew, more food (wheat), growing cities
- Job opportunities
- urbanisation
- Corrupt & poor living conditions (slums) in cities
- Agriculture grew- agribusinesses
- First Transcontinental Railroad 1869
- Further railroads, farming grew, more food (wheat), growing cities
- Gov played v little part in economic control
- Corporations & trusts
- Growth of big business
- Ignored state rules
- Corporations & trusts
- Tech. Innovation
- Carnegie- steel
- Depression of 1873
- Poor banking system
- Foreign policy
- Monroe Doctrine
- Expansionism
- Alaska 1867
- Dominican Repub. offered itself for colonisation
- China- Burlingame Treaty for trade, island in west Pacific, immigration
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