GCSE: Modern World History (Unit 1): Development of the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
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- GCSE Modern World History-Unit 1: The Origins of the First World War
- Why were there two armed camps in Europe in 1914?
- 1907: Europe was divided into two rival groups. These were the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.The Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia.
- The Triple Alliance
- This alliance was eventually signed in 1882.
- In 1879, the German Chancellor Bismarck signed the Dual Alliance with Austria to strengthen Germany against France and Russia.
- 3 years later, Italy joined and it became the Triple Alliance. This was a defensive alliance with all three powers agreeing to support each other if one of them was attacked by two or more powers.
- The Triple Entente: This came together in three different stages.
- 1) The Franco-Russian Dual Alliance of 1894
- These two countries allied for several reasons:
- Kaiser Wilhelm II had made it clear that he did not favour close relations with Russia.
- Both France and Russia felt isolated in Europe.
- France was still determined to get revenge on Germany for the defeat of 1871 and wanted to recover the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine.
- Russia was in need of a loan to help develop her economy.
- France was still determined to get revenge on Germany for the defeat of 1871 and wanted to recover the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine.
- Both France and Russia felt isolated in Europe.
- The alliance was defensive, with both countries agreeing to support each other if attacked by Germany or Austria-Hungary.
- Kaiser Wilhelm II had made it clear that he did not favour close relations with Russia.
- These two countries allied for several reasons:
- The Entente Cordiale of 1904
- At the end of the 19th century, Britain played very little part in events in Europe.
- There were several reasons for this:
- Britain felt increasingly isolated, especially as Germany had declined to sign an agreement in the year 1900-02 limiting naval expansion.
- There was increasing rivalry between Germany and Britain due to German naval expansion.
- France continued to want revenge on Germany and the recovery of the lost provinces.
- Britain wanted to stop French interference Egypt and the French wanted a free hand to expand into Morocco.
- France continued to want revenge on Germany and the recovery of the lost provinces.
- There was increasing rivalry between Germany and Britain due to German naval expansion.
- Britain felt increasingly isolated, especially as Germany had declined to sign an agreement in the year 1900-02 limiting naval expansion.
- 1) The Franco-Russian Dual Alliance of 1894
- The Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907
- This was signed mainly due to French influence as France was already in alliance with Russia and had signed the Entente Cordiale with Britain.
- Moreover, Britain and Russia were keen to settle areas of difference in the Middle East, especially Persia and the Far East.
- Britain now had agreements with France and Russia and this is often referred to as the Triple Entente, although no such alliance actually existed.
- The alliance system, including the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance, was important because:
- It increased tension in Europe. It was like having two rival gangs fighting for influence.
- A dispute between one of the members could well involve the other members. This would turn a dispute between two countries into a major conflict between all six.
- Why were there two armed camps in Europe in 1914?
- Results/Consequences of Entente Cordiale
- France allowed Britain to go ahead with reforms in Egypt and Britain promised not to oppose any French action in Morocco.
- This had several important effects:
- Kaiser Wilhelm was suspicious of the agreement and became determined to break it up.
- It encouraged French Expansion in Morocco.
- Anglo-French relations became closer in the years after 1904 so that by 1914 the two countries even planned how to fight a future war against Germany.
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