Hinduism theme 4
- Created by: Gradebaker
- Created on: 27-05-19 14:00
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- Hinduism- Theme 4
- Samkhya yoga/ bhakti movement
- Development of samkhya philosophy
- Primary text: Shvetashvatara Upanishad
- Brahman is manifested in 3 forms: ishvara (personal god), atman (self) & prakriti (nature)
- By following one of the yogas, the atman can be freed from prakriti & achieve moksha
- Prakriti is composed of 3 gunas (plait analogy)
- Ashtanga Yoga & Patanjali
- Describes yoga as 'the suppression of modifications of the mind"
- 8 stages of ashtanga yoga which bring the self to a state of pure consciousness
- "But he who has gunas (qualities) and performs actions that bear fruit is surely the enjoyer of the result of the actions He performs" -S. Upanishad
- 8 stages of ashtanga yoga which bring the self to a state of pure consciousness
- Describes yoga as 'the suppression of modifications of the mind"
- Shankara
- Main proponent of Advaita Vedanta
- Inspired by Upanishads
- Believes our individual soul (atman) is not different to ultimate reality (brahman)
- Levels of reality
- 1. Illusory reality- subjective, internal constructions of our mind
- 2. Mundane reality- world of our senses. Product of maya
- 3. Ultimate reality- Brahman nirguna
- 2. Mundane reality- world of our senses. Product of maya
- 1. Illusory reality- subjective, internal constructions of our mind
- Development of samkhya philosophy
- Hindu bioethics
- Swasti Bhattacharya
- Suggested ethical framework for ART in Mahabharata
- Drew upon 3 birth narratives: Kunti, Madri, Gandhari
- Depicts how they overcome major obstacles akin to ART today
- Suggested ethical framework for ART in Mahabharata
- Infertility
- Most Hindus place great emphasis on family life. Would condone IVF
- At an embryonic stage, no atman present?
- Good action (karma) to give a child a loving home
- S.Cromwell Crawford
- "To be mothers were women created, and to be fathers men" -Laws of Manu
- Grihastha stage ranked highest- IVF acceptable for married couple?
- King Pandu urges Kunti to find a proxy
- Background
- Product of mid 1960s. Until then hippocratic medical ethics had dominated- 'the physician knows best'
- Recognises humans need to give informed consent, be aware of risks
- Desai said that when faced with a new conflict, Hindus "make up a code of conduct by searching ancient lore for an appropriate example"
- Swasti Bhattacharya
- Bhakti movement
- Yatra/ pilgrimage
- Common among all forms of bhakti
- Shaivites usually visit Kashi (city of Varanasi)
- Vaishnavites visit Vrindavan, where Krishna grew up
- Origin/ background
- Brought Hindus hope, support, inner strength after suffering under Muslim rule
- Most characteristic feature is the emphasis on single-minded devotion to God
- Originates in BG
- Teachings (BG)
- 'He who offers to me with devotion only a leaf, or a flower, or a fruit or even a little water- I accept this offering'
- 'For all those who come to me for shelter, however weak or humble or sinful they may be- women or Vaishyas or Sudras- they all reach the path supreme'
- Different types
- Bhakti MARGA- the way of loving devotion
- "Leave all things behind and come to me for salvation"- Krishna
- Brahman Saguna (with qualities)
- "Leave all things behind and come to me for salvation"- Krishna
- SHAIVA BHAKTI- loving devotion to Shiva
- Believes Shiva is the supreme God of Trimurti
- Bhakti MARGA- the way of loving devotion
- Yatra/ pilgrimage
- Samkhya yoga/ bhakti movement
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