Henry VII: Religion
- Created by: Edunlop04
- Created on: 28-12-21 21:09
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- Henry VII: Religion
- Start of his reign
- England was Catholic - under the Pope's jurisdiction
- remained Catholic under Henry VII
- England was Catholic - under the Pope's jurisdiction
- Individuals
- John Colet
- Translated New Testament into English
- Inherited St Paul's School after his fathers death
- Highly critical of the clergy standards
- Foreshadows Protestant views
- Sir Thomas More
- Lawyer and Humanist scholar
- Lord Chancellor to H8
- Erasmus
- Dutch scholar
- Book sought to regenerate Christianity
- The Handbook of a Christian Soldier
- emphasis on education and rejection of some traditional Church ceremonies
- highly critical of Church abuses
- Lady Margret Beaufort
- H7 mother
- Piety reflected in widespread donations
- Especially Cambridge University
- Pope Martin V
- Declared King of England governed Church in England rather than the Pope
- H7 used the power to appoint Bishops who had legal training
- administrative competence>spirituality
- H7 used the power to appoint Bishops who had legal training
- Declared King of England governed Church in England rather than the Pope
- Richard Fox
- started serving Henry while in exile
- Bishop of Exeter and Lord Keeper of the Great seal (1487)
- Bishop of Bath and Wells, Durham, Winchester
- Managed Crown transition to H8
- John Morton
- Churchman and lawyer
- Originally Lancastrian - made Yorkist peace to work under Edward IV
- Work against R3
- Promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury by H7 (1486)
- Work against R3
- Became a Cardinal (1493)
- Managed Crown transition to H8
- John Colet
- Social role
- Lay people- money
- Donated to rebuilding Parish Church
- Left money to the Church in wills
- Reduced time in purgatory
- Helped perpetuate benefactors memory
- Improve worship
- Left money for chantries
- Chapels where Masses for souls of the dead were said
- H8 dissolution of chantries caused so much distress as it was the people's money that founded them
- Guilds and Confraternaties
- Groups of men (sometimes women)
- gathered to provide collectively for the Parish Church
- Funeral costs, pay chaplains of Masses, help maintain church fabric, make charitable donations, socialise
- Guilds - very popular
- varied in size and wealth
- Wealthier - source of local patronage and power
- Ran schools and almshouses
- Maintained bridges and sea walls
- Funded expensive projects (Lincolnshire spire)
- Raised funds through church-ale festivals
- Status
- Church = great landwoner
- Parish level
- Curates and Chantry Priests - moderately rewarded
- Higher level (larger houses)
- Bishops and Abbots - important figures, House of Lords, political roles
- Pilgrimages
- Visiting saint's tomb (Thomas Beckett, Canterbury) or shrine (Virgin Mary, Walsingham)
- Beckett's tomb loosing popularity
- Thomas a Kempis - critical of the practice
- Rogation Sunday
- Simpler pilgrimage form
- Walking around Parish boundaries praying for its protection
- Banners and Parish cross
- Emphasised Parish importance - key community focus
- Individual experience
- Increased importance over 15th century
- Emphasised in mystic writings
- personal communication of individual with God
- Lay people- money
- Religious Orders
- Monastic orders
- 1%adult males were monks
- 900 religious communities
- Benedictines - oldest and most common religious order
- Named after Saint Benedict (devised monastic rule)
- Houses were large - larger houses acted as Cathedrals of their diocese
- Other orders
- Cistercians
- Catholic religious order of monks and nuns
- Branched from Benedictines
- Follow St Benedict's rule
- Carthusians
- Life combines eremitical and cenobitic monasticism
- Has own rule - statutes
- Enclosed religious order of Roman Catholic Church
- Formed late 11th century - prompted by Benedictines lack of zeal
- Monasteries in rural areas
- Cistercians
- Monastric recruits - wide background range
- majority of monks in larger houses - wealthier backgrounds
- Many recruited locally
- Friars
- Supported by charitable donations
- Worked among lay people
- 3 main orders of friars
- Dominicans (black friars)
- Augustinians
- Franciscans (grey friars)
- Seem to recruit from lower socially than larger monastaries
- Late 15th century - great days of friars were over
- Christopher Harper-Bill
- But various orders still received substantial bequests on wills of the faithful
- Nunneries
- Much less prestige
- Populated by women unsuitable for marriage
- Bridgettine foundation at Syon - exception
- Relatively poor
- Syone - exception
- Quality of novices was inadequate
- Entered convents as last resort
- Monastic orders
- Criticisms
- Lollards
- Founded by John Wycliffe, late 14th century, found during H7
- Stressed Bible understanding
- Favoured English translation
- Skeptical about transubstantiation and Eucharist principles
- Catholic church = corrupt
- Denied priesthood 'special status'
- Hersey
- Other forms were rare
- Burning of heretics - introduced 1401
- Few were burned
- Widespread but popularity declined after failed 1414 Lollard uprising
- Lost members, intellectual coherence and geographically restricted
- Small minority were anti-clerical
- Assumed to be widespread
- Has been challeneged
- Specific outburst of anticlericalism were rare, they were politically motivated and priesthood candidate numbers showed they retained laity support
- Has been challeneged
- Lollards
- Humanism
- Renaissance development
- Founded on rediscovery of Latin and Greek texts
- Concerned with establishing reliability of Latin and Greek translations
- Purify religious texts
- Christian humanism
- Purify religious texts
- Broadly intellectual trend
- Specific learning objectives
- Catholics - specically believed in free will
- affected religion, politics and economics
- Start of his reign
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