Health and Social Care Unit 1 Theories
- Created by: Minniemouse12
- Created on: 10-05-18 10:35
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- Health and Social Care Theories
- Aging
- Social Disengagement
- Older people will withdraw from social contact and disengage because of reduced health and loss of social oppertunities
- Put forward by ******* and Henry in 1961
- The Activity Theory
- Put forward by Robert Havighurst in the 1960s
- The more activity older people engage in, the greater the life satisfaction
- Older adults may deny the existence of old age and fight the aging process
- Social Disengagement
- Intellectual Development
- Piaget
- he believed that children pass through distinct developmental stages in sequence
- He thought that children should be able to discover things for themselves through spontaneous play
- Piaget's theory explains how children use experiences to construct their understanding of the world - these are known as schema
- KEY WORDS: Schema - ideas or concepts children develop.
- Piaget
- Language Development
- LAD
- Language Acquisition Device
- Chomsky
- All children have a pre-programmed Language Acquisition Device installed from birth and they will acquire the ability to talk just like acquiring the ability to walk
- Children do not need to learn, they can speak when their cognitive ability reaches an extent
- LAD
- Emotional Development
- Bowlby's theory of attachment
- infants are biologically pre-programmed to form attachments
- babies have an attachment gene
- parents also have an attachment gene that drives them to provide care
- Schaffer and Emmerson's Stages of Attachment
- Asocial (0-6weeks)
- babies respond in similar ways to people and objects, although they prefer to look at human like stimuli
- Diffuse (6weeks-6months)
- Babies show no preference for a specific individual and will be comforted by anyone
- Single Strong attachment (7-12 months)
- babies show a strong preference for a single individual and show fear of strangers
- Multiple attachments
- babies will show attachments towards several figures
- by 18 months some infants may have up to 5 attachments
- Asocial (0-6weeks)
- Bowlby's theory of attachment
- Nature/ Nurture Debate
- Nuture
- Bandura's Social learning theory
- Bandura believed that for social learning to take place, an individual must undergo 4 stages
- 1. Attention
- individuals will learn AB if they attend to models behaviour
- 2. Retention
- the behaviour must be remembered in order for the individual to apply it
- 3. Production
- individuals must be able to reproduced the behavious
- 4. Motivation
- individuals will display AB if the expectation for reward is greater than the expectation for punishment
- 1. Attention
- Bandura believed that for social learning to take place, an individual must undergo 4 stages
- nURture = bandURa
- Bandura's Social learning theory
- Nature
- Gesell's maturation theory
- Physical and mental growth are determined by hereditry
- Maturation sequence occurs in a predictable and stable way
- Growth is genetically determined from birth
- The sequence of development is universal, the rate at which a child moves through the stages varies tremendously
- growth is uneven. children grow in spurts
- Gesell's maturation theory
- Stress Diathesis Model
- phscological model that shows how stress caused by nature can interact with nurture impacting an individuals mental wellbeing.
- Everyone has a diathesis (a biological or genetic pre-disposition to mental illness)
- The diathesis may never be triggered if the individual doesn't experience stress
- e.g. family conflict, abuse, trauma or problems at school, etc.
- Nuture
- Aging
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