Head and Neck Anatomy in Equines

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  • Head and Neck Anatomy
    • The movements of the horse are significantly different when ridden on a loose rein compared to collected trot. (Rhodin, 2009)
    • There is an influence of head and neck position on back kinematics (Gomez-Alvarez, 2006)
    • The capability of the head and neck function decreases with age. (Zsoldos et al. 2015)
    • Thoracic means chest
    • Sacral vertebrae are fused ages 3-7
    • Horses have joints between some transverse process but not all
    • Number of joints varies and are assymetrical
    • Articular facets interlock and stabilise spine
    • Thoracic region  allows lateral bend and axial rotation
    • Lumbosacral mostly allows dorsoventral motion
    • Thompson (2007) most horses have asymmetrical facets.
    • Head is 4% of BW
    • Neck has no DSPs or TPs
    • Occipital Condyle (atlas) for nodding, slight rotation
    • Atlas and axis, rotation but no flexion. When poll at highest point, head cannot flex past 90degrees
    • Muscles below spine flex neck
    • Muscles above spine extend neck
    • Neck leads the movement
    • Muscles below spine cause flexion, above the spine counteracts gravity
      • Opposite happens in rollkur.
    • Rigidity of neck affects agility
    • Limb adductors act to stabilise cannot laterally move to balance
    • Tail is too short and small to balance
    • Neck influences balance mostly
  • Muscles below spine cause flexion, above the spine counteracts gravity
    • Opposite happens in rollkur.

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