Head and Neck Anatomy in Equines
- Created by: hannahcullenn
- Created on: 05-05-17 11:29
View mindmap
- Head and Neck Anatomy
- The movements of the horse are significantly different when ridden on a loose rein compared to collected trot. (Rhodin, 2009)
- There is an influence of head and neck position on back kinematics (Gomez-Alvarez, 2006)
- The capability of the head and neck function decreases with age. (Zsoldos et al. 2015)
- Thoracic means chest
- Sacral vertebrae are fused ages 3-7
- Horses have joints between some transverse process but not all
- Number of joints varies and are assymetrical
- Articular facets interlock and stabilise spine
- Thoracic region allows lateral bend and axial rotation
- Lumbosacral mostly allows dorsoventral motion
- Thompson (2007) most horses have asymmetrical facets.
- Head is 4% of BW
- Neck has no DSPs or TPs
- Occipital Condyle (atlas) for nodding, slight rotation
- Atlas and axis, rotation but no flexion. When poll at highest point, head cannot flex past 90degrees
- Muscles below spine flex neck
- Muscles above spine extend neck
- Neck leads the movement
- Muscles below spine cause flexion, above the spine counteracts gravity
- Opposite happens in rollkur.
- Rigidity of neck affects agility
- Limb adductors act to stabilise cannot laterally move to balance
- Tail is too short and small to balance
- Neck influences balance mostly
- Muscles below spine cause flexion, above the spine counteracts gravity
- Opposite happens in rollkur.
Comments
No comments have yet been made