HAZARDS

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  • HAZARDS
    • Types
      • Geo-Morphological (Changing earth shape)
        • Landslide
          • 29th December 2012 - kenya http://goo.gl/E zDFUY
        • Avalanche
          • 23rd march 1014 - Sochi resort Russia http://goo.gl /XTgi3e
        • Wildfire
          • 16th jan 2012 - Colby Fire, California http ://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/2014_Califo rnia_wildfires
      • Meteorological (weather)
        • Hurricane
          • 2008 - Cyclone Nargis
        • Drought
          • East Africa http://goo.gl/oQtJst
        • Flood
          • 2011 Thailand  http://en. wikipedia.org/ wiki/2011_T hailand_floods
      • Geological
        • Earthquake
          • 12th Jan 2010 - Haiti  http://lis t25.c om/25-worst-earthquake s-in-history/
        • Volcanoe
          • 2014 - Baroarbunga, Iceland
    • Classification (EM-DAT)
      • Geophysical
      • Hydro-meteorologial
    • Human Factors
      • Rapid Population growth
        • Pressure on land leads to people living in high risk areas
        • Growing numbers of very elderly people
        • growing proportion of very young in developing countries
      • Deforestation and Land degration
        • to gain farm land leads to flooding, soil erosion
        • destruction of mangroves
          • Mumbai
        • farming in marginal areas and deforestation for firewood
      • Urbanisation
        • squatter settlements development on areas of risk of landslides or flooding
      • Poverty and Politics
        • developing countries cant afford disaster prevention
        • poor education and little technology can lead to poor preparation
        • Aid can not be accessible for remote areas
        • corrupt governments may misuse resources
    • Risk
      • To people
        • Death and severe injury
          • Boxing day Tsunami 2004 - 280,000 deaths
        • Disease
          • waterborne disease from dead bodies contaminating water supply
      • To goods
        • Economic losses
        • Infrastructure damage
          • Hurricane Katrina 2005
        • Property damage
      • To the environment
        • Pollution
        • Loss of Flora and Fauna
          • Delhi, India http://goo.gl/NQkbNf
        • Loss of amenity
    • Case Studies
      • California
        • The most hazardous zone is concentrated along the San Andreas fault
        • Impacted by El Nino Southern Oscillation
        • Wildfires - 1,000 more than a typical year in 2014 http://go o.gl/Lbt9Ba
        • Earthquakes - network of active faults lay under San Francisco and Los Angles
        • Earthquake - 4th April 2010 - Nothern Baja - 7.2 magnitude ht tp://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/L ist_of_earthq uakes_in_ California
      • Philippines
        • Average of 10 Typhoons a season
        • Lies on a belt of tropical cyclones and plate boundaries. Tropical monsoon climate leads to flooding, can lead to landslides
          • Bohol Earrhquake - 15th October
            • 222 killed
            • 976 Injured
          • Flood - 20th September 2014 http://www.bbc .co.uk /news/world -asia-29292064
          • Typhoon - November 1991 (http://www. dec.org.uk/appeals/ philippin es-typhoon-appeal)
            • Over 14 million affected
            • 6000 killed
        • Population density 240 people per Km2
        • Oceanic Philippines plate is being subducted beneath the Eurasian plate
    • Distribution/ Patterns
      • Earthquakes
        • Plate boundaries (destructive/ constructive)
      • Volcanoes
        • Constructive, destructive and hotspots
      • Landslides
        • Mountainous areas after heavy rain or seismic activity
      • Drought
        • Dispersed pattern - over one-third of the world is exposed to drought
      • Flooding
        • 33% of the worlds area
      • Storms
        • Latitudes 5-20 degrees N and S of equator
        • Tropical storms - over warm oceans(26 degrees), 70m depth and 5 degrees N or S of equator
    • Global warming
      • Greenhouse effect
        • E.G CO2 and other greenhouse gases constant increased to 430ppm in 2007 - 150ppm above average (Edexel geography text book)
      • rising ocean temperatures
        • 0.1degreesC over the past century  http://goo.gl/6Dl7K
      • Climate changes affects ecology and widlife
        • Ploar bears, sea turtles, whales, Giant pandas, penguins and elephants  http://goo.gl/gjfnq0
      • Sea level rise
        • 3.2mm a year over the past 20 years  http://goo.gl/1IbNi
  • Lies on a belt of tropical cyclones and plate boundaries. Tropical monsoon climate leads to flooding, can lead to landslides
    • Bohol Earrhquake - 15th October
      • 222 killed
      • 976 Injured
    • Flood - 20th September 2014 http://www.bbc .co.uk /news/world -asia-29292064
    • Typhoon - November 1991 (http://www. dec.org.uk/appeals/ philippin es-typhoon-appeal)
      • Over 14 million affected
      • 6000 killed

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