hazards factors
- Created by: annalise02
- Created on: 11-02-19 15:29
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- Factors affecting the scale of a natural disaster
- Duration of Impact and warning time
- Sudden impact hazards- hazards which occur fast and with little warning
- Slow onset or creeping hazards- take longer to occur
- Population density
- the more people that live in an area, the higher the risk of disaster
- an earthquake in Alaska will have less impact than one which hits a more densely populated area such as San Francisco
- The Pacific Ring of fire covers a 40,000km horseshoe shape and has around 90% of the world’s earthquakes and 452 volcanoes.
- Hundreds of millions of people live in this zone, including over 20 million people close to Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico
- 90% of hazard related deaths occur in LEDCs, whilst 75% of economic hazards occur in MEDCs.
- The Pacific Ring of fire covers a 40,000km horseshoe shape and has around 90% of the world’s earthquakes and 452 volcanoes.
- Magnitude
- the higher the magnitude of the disaster, the worse the effects
- every step up the Earthquake Richter scale represents a 10 fold increase in damage and a 30 fold increase in energy released.
- Frequency
- The more often a hazard occurs generally the more prepared people are, and the more used to coping they are
- Large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are generally very rare
- frequent events allow people to adjust their buildings and lives to cope with the risk associated.
- the more often an event occurs, the higher the perception of risk and therefore better preparation
- Time
- the more time people know about the hazard, the better prepared they can be
- the time of day the event occurs impacts on the effects.
- At night, the effects will be worse as people will be asleep
- media and communications resulted in events being reported quicker
- Preparation
- a place which is well prepared can limit the impacts of the hazard
- this is when strategies are put in place to limit damage
- educating local people; can reduce impacts by making them more prepared
- Development
- High Income Countries (HIC) are much better at preparing and responding to natural hazards
- better access to technology
- can predict events
- less resourced to cope with hazard
- better access to technology
- agencies and governments
- quick response
- High Income Countries (HIC) are much better at preparing and responding to natural hazards
- Natural Factors
- height of land
- land above sea level will be less likely to flood
- shape of coastline
- gently sloping coastline will suffer more damage than steep coastline
- tsunami
- geology
- softer sediments more likely to liquefy
- can result in building collapse
- earthquake shaking in soft sediments usually larger and longer
- softer sediments more likely to liquefy
- height of land
- Duration of Impact and warning time
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