Hard Water
- Created by: erinmcmenamy23
- Created on: 05-12-15 22:40
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- Hard Water
- Temporary
- Permanent
- Caused by dissolved calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate
- Removed by: Adding washing soda crystals, using an ion exchange, distillation
- Adding washing soda crystals
- The carbonate ions react with the calcium ions in the water to form a precipitate of calcium carbonate, the sodium ions remain dissolved in the water
- Precipitate - a solid that forms when two solutions are mixed
- CaSO4 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) > CaCO3 (s) + NaSO4(aq)
- Caused by dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate
- Can be removed by boiling
- Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) > CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
- Permanent
- Temporary
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