Haber Process
- Created by: epic indi
- Created on: 08-05-19 12:54
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- Haber Process
- How does it work
- N2 + 3H2 makes 2NH3 and heat
- N2+3H2 makes 2NH3 and heat
- N2 easily obtained from 78% air
- Hydrogen comes from eacting methane with steam to form H2 and CO2
- high temp at 450 and high pressure 200 atmospheres used
- Reaction is reversible so reaches a dynamic equilibrium
- Unused H2 and N2 are recycled to reduce waste
- NH3 is produced as a gas but cools in condenser and liquefies.
- Reversible
- Forward reaction is exothermic
- so increasing temp moves equilibrium wrong way.
- Iron catalyst makes reaction go faster without affecting yield.
- So yield is greater at lower temps.
- but this means a slower rate of reaction.
- 450 is a compromise between max yield and speed of reaction.
- but this means a slower rate of reaction.
- so increasing temp moves equilibrium wrong way.
- Higher pressure moves position of eqwuilibrium towards products. So max percentage yield.
- So set as high as possible without being too expensive or dangerous.
- Forward reaction is exothermic
- NPK
- Nitrogen, Phosphorous potassium
- often missing from soil if used by previous crop
- helps plants grow faster and bigger
- often missing from soil if used by previous crop
- easier than manure as have right amount of nutrients and moe available.
- Nitrogen, Phosphorous potassium
- Use of NH3
- react with nitric acid for ammonium nitrate used as fertilisers
- NH3+HNO3 makes NH4NO3
- ammonia ad nitric acid makes ammonium nitrate
- Production
- Industry
- giant vats at high concentrations resulting in very exothermic reaction
- Heat released used to evaporate water
- Concentrated ammonia product
- Lab
- Smaller scale by titration and crystillisation
- crystallisation is very slow
- lower concentration as less heat produced (safer)
- Industry
- K and Ph
- potassium chloride and potassium sulphate are mined
- Ph is mined but insolible so plants can't directly absorb them so
- react with nitric acid produces phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate
- React with sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate
- reacts with phosphoric acid to produce calcium phosphate
- How does it work
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