GTE TRI 1 EP 7

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  • Created by: Loz1669
  • Created on: 02-01-20 18:25
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  • Genes to ecosystems
    • Intro to population and evolutionary genetics
      • A population is a localised group of individuals belonging to the same species
      • A species is a group of populations which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
      • Population genetics
        • Different phenotypes appear with different frequencies within a population.
          • It is the frequencies of the allele that we are interested in.
      • Variability and allelic frequencies
        • The variability of phenotypes in an individual population is due to allelic frequencies
          • Differences in frequency of phenotype set in the pop is due to allelic frequencies
            • Usually the frequency of an allele is given as a percentage or fraction
              • If there are 2 alleles that cause a phenotype they will both add up to make 100%
                • In population genetics, frequencies of alleles are shown by p & q they both will always add up to 1
      • Hardy weinberg law: allele frequencies remain the same throughout generations
        • Assumptions: mating is random, large population, no selection, immigration and emigration, p and q = 1
          • p^2 +2pq + q^2
        • Mechanisms causing frequency changes
          • Small populations: chance events: genetic drift: the loss of alleles from the population by chance or bottleneck effect
          • Founder effect - island populations
          • Gene flow between populations
          • Mutational change
          • Non-random mating
          • Assortative mating
          • Natural selection

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