Group 7 - The halogens

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  • Group 7 - The halogens
    • They are non - metallic elements in group 7 of the periodic table
    • They exist as small molecules made up of pairs of atoms.
    • They have low melting and boiling points that increase going down the group.
    • At room temperature: Fluorine=pale yellow gas. Chlorine=green gas. Bromine=red-brown liquid. Iodine=grey solid (vaporises to form violet gas.).
    • All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
    • The halogens form ionic compounds with metals in which the halide ions have a charge of 1-.
    • The halogens also bond covalently with non-metals, forming moolecules.
    • The reactivity of halogens decreases going down the group. A more reactiev halogen is able to displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of an halide compound.
    • The reactivity decreases going down the group because the attraction of the outer electrons to the nucleus decreases as the number of occupied energy shells increases.

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