Group 1 Elements (Lithium, Sodium & Potassium)
- Created by: Lucy S
- Created on: 02-04-13 11:39
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- Group 1 Elements (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium)
- Physical Properties
- Good conductors of electricity & heat.
- Soft & can easily be cut with a knife.
- Low melting & boiling points compared with other metals such as iron and copper.
- Low densities (float on water).
- Chemical Properties
- Shiny surfaces when freshly cut with a knife.
- Surface quickly become dull as the metal reacts with oxygen in the air.
- Burn in air or oxygen to form white, solid oxides.
- 2M+O2--> M2O, where M= Li, Na or K
- React vigorously with water to give an alkaline solution of the metal hydroxide as well as hydrogen gas.
- 2M+2H20--> 2MOH+H2, where M= Li Na or K
- Observations when added to water
- Lithium
- Moves around surface of water.
- Hissing sound.
- Bubbles of gas.
- Gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears.
- Sodium
- Moves around surface of water.
- Hissing sound.
- Bubbles of gas.
- Melts into a shiny ball.
- Gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears.
- Potassium
- Moves around the surface of the water.
- Hissing sound.
- Bubbles of gas.
- Melts into a shiny ball.
- Burns with a lilac-coloured flame.
- Gets smaller and smaller; eventually disappears.
- Lithium
- Order of reactivity: potassium > sodium > lithium.
- The further you go down the group, the more reactive the metals become.
- Shiny surfaces when freshly cut with a knife.
- Electronic Configuration
- Lithium
- 2.1
- Sodium
- 2.8.1
- Potassium
- 2.8.8.1
- When the elements react, they lose the outer-shell electron.
- The more reactive the metal is, the less energy is required to remove the outer-shell electron.
- Lithium
- Stored under oil to prevent them from reacting with oxygen or water.
- Physical Properties
- 2M+O2--> M2O, where M= Li, Na or K
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