Group 1 Metals Summary
- Created by: peter davenport
- Created on: 11-02-20 10:31
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- Group 1
- General Properties
- Adopts BCC structure
- Due to packing this leads to low densities
- Good electrical and thermal conductors
- NaK alloy used in nuclear reactors as coolant
- Single valence electron delocalised to metallic bond
- Weak metallic bonds
- Low Ionisation energies which lower down group
- Weak metallic bonds
- When burnt changes colour of flames
- Electron transition energies in visible light region
- Increasingly exothermic reactions with water and air down group
- Adopts BCC structure
- Obtaining raw elements
- Li
- Electrolysis of LiCl
- Na
- Electrolysis of NaCl
- K
- KCl reacts with liquid Na
- Liberates K as gas
- KCl reacts with liquid Na
- Rb/Cs
- Converted to MCl
- Has Ca added to the liquid ionic compound to give M metal
- Converted to MCl
- Fr
- Heavily radioactive with most stable isotope 22 mins
- Pure sample as such unobtainable
- Heavily radioactive with most stable isotope 22 mins
- Li
- Halides
- Adopt rock salt formation
- Except Cs which forms CsCl formation
- All Ionic solids
- Increasing covalent behaviour down group
- Generally takes form MX
- Adopt rock salt formation
- Oxides
- Li
- Reacts 2Li + 1/2 O2
- Makes "Normal" Oxide Li2O
- Reacts 2Li + 1/2 O2
- Na
- Can react to form "Normal" oxide
- 2Na + 1/2 O2 = Na2O
- Can react as 2Na + O2
- Makes peroxide Na2O2
- Can react to form "Normal" oxide
- K
- Can react to form "normal" oxide
- 2K + 1/2 O2 = K2O
- Can react as K + O2
- Makes superoxide KO2
- Can react to form "normal" oxide
- M2O structure takes up Anti-fluorite arrangement
- MO2 structure takes up CaCl2 arrangement
- Li
- Other compounds
- Hydroxides
- All MOH absorb CO2 and H2O
- Group 16
- M2E known for all group 16
- Sometimes forms more complex molecules such as polysulfides
- Carbonates / Hydrogencarbonates
- Na2CO3 used to soften water
- Used as additives for glass
- Forms baking soda
- NaHCO3 less soluble than others
- Decomposes thermally
- Nitrogen compounds
- Nitrides
- Only 1 nitride in group. Li3N
- Azides
- Generally what all group 1 form
- MN3
- Nitrides
- Hydroxides
- General Properties
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