Global Development - Globalisation
- Created by: Harry
- Created on: 07-06-14 12:26
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- Globalisation
- Theories
- Hyper Globalists
- Welcome developments and suggest globalisation will eventually produce tolerant and responsible world citizens
- Pessimistic Globalists
- Seabrook - argue that globalisation is a negative phenomenon - a form of Western Imperialism; superficial homogenous mass form of culture and consumption
- Traditionalists
- Globalisation isn't occurring, an exaggerated phenomenon that is a myth, capitalism has been an international phenomenon for years
- Transformationalists
- Take middle ground, foolish to reject the concept of globalisation,but the impact has been exaggerated and the process can be reversed
- Hyper Globalists
- Causes
- Technological Innovation; Increased Social Relations, Developments in ICT, Transport Tech + Phone Developments. Mcluhan: We live in a 'Global Village'; communicating instantaneously with a person on the other side of the world is possible.
- Economic Markets + Production; Trade Regs Reduced, Cultural Goods and Trade Increased, Transport of Goods increased and International Division of Labour.
- Increased Cultural Relations; Internet and Search Engines, Social Networks, Transportation, World Events and Increased Tourism.
- Increased Social Problems; Deforestation, Acid Rain, Pandemics, Crime Increase, Drug Trafficking, Global Warming and Social Disorder
- Effects
- Economic Impacts; Diffusion of Production, Dislocation of Produces from Nations, Codependency
- Sociocultural Impacts; Diversification, Homogeneity
- Political Impacts; Growth of Governmental Agencies, Reshaped Decision Making, Power Devolved from Governments to Individuals.
- Positive Aspects
- Economic
- Globalisation has resulted in the growth of transnational corps, bringing infrastructure + well-paid jobs.
- Increased international trade = plethora of opportunities
- David Dollar; Growth has surged due to free market principles = Decreased inequality
- Politcal
- Brings closer international Dialogue + forums for conflict resolution (United Nations).
- Global production chains = Economic interdependence; Friedman "No two countries that both had McDonald's have fought a war".
- Power has devolved from Government's to individuals.
- Cultural
- Modernisation: Emphasise globalisation is associated with 'modern ways of life' which are conducive to economic development.
- Involves discussion and interchange between nations; 'One world' outlook, characterised by pluralism and hybridity.
- Mind set of individuals is increasingly orientated to global affairs - further reinforce global stability.
- Economic
- Negative Aspects
- Economic
- George: Aggressively imposed free-market principles result in tiny producers being thrown unprotected into the turbulent marketplace = exploited.
- George: Rich world has adopted protectionist policies = 'Playing field' tilted in favour of manufacturers from the rich world.
- Washington Consensus in underpinned by market fundamentalism = TNC's utilise any means available to maximise profits, regardless of ethics.
- Political
- Chomsky: Power of elected governments eroded by those who elect them. Decisions made at global level by individuals.
- Power is distorted to favour the rich world amongst agencies of global governance; The Bretton Woods Institutions - dollar-per-vote basis.
- Rise of new forms of transnational crime; Opening of borders and 'shrinking' in the distance between sources of supply and demand.
- Cultural
- Imposition of the culture of the powerful on the rest of the world.
- Small number of conglomerates (Disney, Fox ect) achieve monopolistic control over the world's media - Powerful Mechanism.
- Loss of global cultural diversity. Neo-Marxist Gramsci - imposition of western ideologies allows global bourgeoisie to maintain henegomy.
- Economic
- Theories
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