Globalisation, green crime, human rights & state crime
- Created by: WignallRose
- Created on: 27-05-17 18:00
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- Globalisation, green crime, human rights & state crime
- Crime and globalisation
- Globalisation = increased interconnectedness of societies
- Held = globalisation of crime, new technology, media etc. creates new opportunities
- Castells = global criminal economy: smuggling, drug trade, tax, green
- Globalisation = new insecurities and 'risk consciousness' (risk is global)
- Knowledge about risks comes from the media that exaggerates
- Taylor = market forces creates inequality = strain
- People calculate risks and benefits, new patterns of employment (wages, state)
- Doesn't explain how the changes make people criminals
- People calculate risks and benefits, new patterns of employment (wages, state)
- Hobbs & Dunningham = people act as 'hubs' to seek opportunity
- Crime is a 'glocal system' = locally based but with global connections
- Not clear that patterns are new or that old ones disappeared
- Crime is a 'glocal system' = locally based but with global connections
- Glenny = crime vital in the entry of the new Russian capitalist class
- Green crime
- Green crime = crime against the environment, threats to the ecosystem are global
- Beck = new 'manufactured risk', risks are now global ('global risk society')
- Traditional criminology = defined by criminal law, no law broken
- Green criminology (White) = any action that harms the physical environment and everything within it
- Different countries have different laws, cannot provide standard of harm
- Anthropocentric = humans have a right to dominate
- Ecocentric = humans and their environment are interdependent
- Primary green crime = crimes that result directly from the destruction of earths resources (air/water pollution)
- Secondary = grow out of the flouting of rules aimed to prevent (hazardous waste, organised)
- Addresses the harms and risks, hard to define the boundaries
- State crime
- Green & Ward = 'illegal or deviant activity perpetuated by state agencies'
- Most important/ serious = scale of crime (huge scale) & state in the source of law (evade)
- Mclauglin = four categories of state: political, economic, social & cultural
- Genocide in Rwanda = killing justified with labels of cockroaches
- Kramer & Michalowski = state-initiated and state-facilitated crime
- War crime = illegal wars & crimes committed during war
- Chambliss = 'acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials for their jobs'
- Ignores that states have the power to make laws so they avoid
- Zemiology = the study of harms, whether or not they are against the law (Hillyard)
- A 'harm' definition is too vague
- Labelling theory - too vague, who is the audience, influenced by ruling class
- International law = created through treaties & agreements
- Doesn't depend on opinion or personal definition, does involve power
- Herman & Schweriner = state crime violate HRs
- Explaining = authoritarian personality & obedience to a higher authority
- Cohen = techniques to justify HRs violations: denial to victim, in jury, responsibility
- Crime and globalisation
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