Global Commons - Antarctica

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  • Fishing and Whaling
    • Highly profitable and as a result, whale numbers decreased and many species are now endangered.
    • Japan ignores bans on commercial fishing or whaling which puts species at risk.
    • Began in 19th century with main targets of Blue and Right Whales.
    • International Whaling Commission (IWC) 1946 - led to the end of most whaling by 1985. In 1994 they established the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary (50 million sq.km) surrounding the continent.
    • Whalers - typically from Norway, USA and UK began exploitation after huge populations had been taken from the North Atlantic.
    • Ships also dump waste in the ocean which contaminates it.
    • In 1960s Russian ships began to exploit it for a number of species. commercial fishing has became a threat as there is a high risk of over fishing the species.
  • Climate Change
    • Warming will change the physical and living environment of Antarctica.
    • Over the past 50 years, the West Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula has been one of the most rapidly warming places on the planet.
    • Many glaciers have retreated and ice shelves in the Peninsula have collapsed.
    • Melting snow and ice resulted in increased colonisation of plants.
    • Experienced temperature increases of 3*C in the Peninsula which is X5 the mean rate.
    • Threats to Antarctica
      • Fishing and Whaling
        • Highly profitable and as a result, whale numbers decreased and many species are now endangered.
        • Japan ignores bans on commercial fishing or whaling which puts species at risk.
        • Began in 19th century with main targets of Blue and Right Whales.
        • International Whaling Commission (IWC) 1946 - led to the end of most whaling by 1985. In 1994 they established the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary (50 million sq.km) surrounding the continent.
        • Whalers - typically from Norway, USA and UK began exploitation after huge populations had been taken from the North Atlantic.
        • Ships also dump waste in the ocean which contaminates it.
        • In 1960s Russian ships began to exploit it for a number of species. commercial fishing has became a threat as there is a high risk of over fishing the species.

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