Class differences in achievement- Internal factors
Discussing context and the poets intentions on the poem 'give'
- Created by: hollydolly98
- Created on: 13-10-14 18:58
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- Class differences in achievement- internal factors
- Pupils' class identities and the school
- Habitus- refers to the dispositions or learned way of life.
- Middle-class and working-class have a different way of life- values/norms.
- Symbolic capital and symbolic violence: schools have a middle-class habitus- pupils form middle-class gain symbolic capital or status. Working-class seen as worthless.
- Labelling
- To attach a meaning or definition to someone.
- Teachers attach labels to pupils, such as smart, thick, naughty etc.
- Pupils' work, appearance and behaviour are key factors influencing teachers' judgement.
- Becker (1971)- carried out interactionist study based on 60 Chicago high school teachers- found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted the image of 'ideal pupil'.
- Teachers saw middle-class children closest to ideal, working-class children further away.
- Pupil subcultures
- A group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour patterns.
- Lacey (1970)- Differentation: teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability and attitude. Polarisation: process of seperating.
- Anti-school subcultures: placed in low streams, suffer a loss of self-esteem. label of failure pushes pupils to challenge the values of the school.
- Pro-school subculture: mainly middle-class, placed in higher streams, tend to remain committed to school values. Gain status by academic success.
- The self-fulfilling prophecy
- A prediction that comes true.
- Teacher labels a pupil, treats the pupil accordingly (giving them more work ect.) Pupil realises teachers expectation and acts the way the teacher predicts them to.
- Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)- Told school that they had a new test to identify pupils who would 'spurt' ahead (test was in fact an IQ test.) Researchers tested all pupils and picked 20% at random and identified them as 'spurters'. Later found that these pupils had made progress due to how the teachers treated them.
- Streaming
- Involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called 'streams'.
- Creates self-fulfilling prophecy
- Becker-Working-class children likely to be put in lower stream, middle-class in higher stream (benefit more.)
- Gillborn and Youdell (2001)- study shows how teachers use stereotypical ideas of ability to stream pupils.
- Teachers less likely to see working-class and black as having an ability- placed in lower sets.
- A-C economy- produces educational triage: pupils who will pass anyway-left to get on with it, those with potential- helped to get C grades, hopeless cases- doomed to fail.
- Involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called 'streams'.
- Pupils' class identities and the school
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