Gibson's Direct Theory of Perception
A brief overview and evaluation of Gibson'd Direct (bottom up) theory of perception.
- Created by: jrpeacock96
- Created on: 24-11-14 09:11
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- Gibson's Direct Theory (1979)
- The optic array
- Optic flow
- As we move towards a point in our visual environment, objects that are directly in front of us appear stationary but objects to the side appear to move towards us.
- Importance of movement
- In order to collect this perceptual information, the perceiver has to move around the environment.
- Ecological aspects of perception
- In the real world, there are more queues to depth perception, such as texture gradient, which can inform us of how far away it is.
- The role of invariants in perception
- Although some things change when the observer moves, some things don't and it is these invariants supply us with information that is crucial for peception.
- Making sense of the optic array
- Resonance
- Information is broadcast to the environment, and resonance is how you can make sense of the broadcast information.
- Affordance
- The potential for action offered by an object.
- The usefulness of perception
- Perception is the detection of useful information that may help something become adaptive.
- Resonance
- Optic flow
- Evaluating Gibson's Theory
- Biological motion
- The visual system's innate ability to detect movement information from sparse input and an example of how perception occurs from ecological data only.
- Johansson (1973) provided good evidence to demonstrate this. He strategically placed small lights on different parts of a person's body and filmed the lights as the person moved.
- Participants were able to perceive motion simply from a changing array of dots. Even young babies and non-human mammals responded appropriately when shown the sequences, suggesting this is an innate ability (Fox and McDaniel (1982); Blake (1993)).
- Johansson (1973) provided good evidence to demonstrate this. He strategically placed small lights on different parts of a person's body and filmed the lights as the person moved.
- The visual system's innate ability to detect movement information from sparse input and an example of how perception occurs from ecological data only.
- Time-to-contact
- The ability to judge what responses need to be made when approaching an object, so that you can avoid bumping into someone.
- Such judgments can only be made using direct information only. Lee et al. (1982) demonstrated this videotaping long jumpers. As they approached take-off, their stride length varied so that their final footfall position was correct.
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- Such judgments can only be made using direct information only. Lee et al. (1982) demonstrated this videotaping long jumpers. As they approached take-off, their stride length varied so that their final footfall position was correct.
- The ability to judge what responses need to be made when approaching an object, so that you can avoid bumping into someone.
- Innate perceptual abilities
- Gibson and Walk (1960) found that infants could perceive depth innately.
- Visual illusions
- Explaining visual illusions
- Both Gregory and Gibson's theory can explain visual illusions.
- Strengths
- It correctly ighlights the richness of information in the optic array.
- Limitations
- It cannot explain the influence of situation or culture.
- These can also be explained in terms of direct perception.
- Wraga et al. (2000) found that there was no Muller-Lyer effect when participants walked around a 3D display.
- This shows that movement is important in perception because a static display leads to the illusion.
- Wraga et al. (2000) found that there was no Muller-Lyer effect when participants walked around a 3D display.
- Biological motion
- The optic array
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