Getting Metals from Rocks
- Created by: izzygreenxoxo
- Created on: 06-04-17 15:33
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- Getting Metals from Rocks
- Ores
- Rock that contains enough metal to make extraction worthwhile
- Normally oxide of metal
- Most metals - extracted using chemical reaction
- Eonpomics of extraction - change
- Metal price drops - not worth extracting
- Metal price increases - worth extracting more
- Improved technology - extract metals not previously worth extracting
- Reduction
- Uses carbon
- Oxygen is removed
- Iron Oxide + Carbon -> Iron + Carbon Dioxide
- Position in reactivity series - can be extracted or not
- Higher than carbon - no
- Lower than carbon - yes
- Zinc
- Iron
- Tin
- Copper
- Electrolysis
- More reactive than carbon
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Aluminium
- Magnesium
- Electrolysis of molten compounds
- More expensive than reduction - uses lots of energy
- Anode and Cathode
- Anode - Positive - takes away electrons
- Cathode- negative - gives away electrons
- Breaking down of a substance using electricity
- Requires a lot of electricity
- Electrolyte
- Metal salt solutions - made from ore
- Molten metal oxides
- Free ions - conduct electricity
- Electrolyte
- Requires a lot of electricity
- More reactive than carbon
- Copper
- Purified by electrolysis
- Extracted by reduction
- Doesn't conduct electricity
- Meant to be used for wires - needs to conduct electricity
- Electrolysis makes it pure and conduct electricity
- Doesn't conduct electricity
- Electrons pulled off copper stoms by anode
- In solution as Cu2+ ions
- Cu2+ ions near cathode - gain electrons - back into copper atoms
- Impurities dropped at anode as sludge - pure copper atoms bond to cathode
- Extracted by reduction
- Extracted using Displacement Reaction
- More reactive metals react more vigorously than less reactive metals
- Reactive metal in a dissolved metal compound - reactive metal replace less reative metal
- Copper rich ores are in short supply
- Recycle as much copper as possible
- New ways of extracting copper
- Bioleaching
- Bacteria - seperate copper in copper sulfide
- Bacteria gets energy from bond between copper and sulfur
- Separates copper as leachate - can be extracted
- Bacteria gets energy from bond between copper and sulfur
- Bacteria - seperate copper in copper sulfide
- Phytomining
- Grow plants in soil that contains copper
- Plants can't use or get rid of copper
- Builds up in leaves
- Plants harvested, dried and burned
- Copper collected from ash left
- Plants harvested, dried and burned
- Builds up in leaves
- Plants can't use or get rid of copper
- Grow plants in soil that contains copper
- Traditional methods - damage environment
- New methods - smaller impact - slower
- Bioleaching
- Purified by electrolysis
- Ores
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