Germany 1918-1923
- Created by: Cryp
- Created on: 04-11-19 19:55
View mindmap
- Germany 1918-1923
- WWI
- Political Discontent
- Germany had a revolution and became an unstable democratic republic
- Stresses of war led to a revolution in Oct-Nov 1918
- Many ex-soldiers despised the new democratic leaders
- Believed heroic leader Field Marshal Hindenburg had been betrayed by weak politicians
- Germany had a revolution and became an unstable democratic republic
- Social DIfficulties and Divisions
- The war had deepened divisions in society
- There were huge gaps between the living standards of the poor and rich
- Women were called to work in factories due to shortages in workers
- Peopls saw this as damaging to traditional family values and society as a whole
- German workers had restrictions placed on their wages while factory workers made vast fortunes
- This was because the government made contracts with factory owners to produce ammunition and items for war
- The war had deepened divisions in society
- Economic and Financial Drawbacks
- Germany was virtually bankrupt
- Political Discontent
- Weimar Republic
- Structure of Weimar Constitution
- The President (elected every 7 years)
- Controlled army, navy and air force
- In crisis could rule on his own without support of Reichstag
- The Chancellor (chosen by President)
- Responsible for day-to-day running of country
- The Reichstag (elected every 4 years)
- Discussed & introduced laws
- Voting system proportional representation
- The Electorate
- All men and women over 20 voted President and politicians
- The President (elected every 7 years)
- Threats
- Spartacist Rising (1919)
- Did not trust government: wanted communist revolution
- Red Rising in the Ruhr (1920)
- Kapp Putsch (1920)
- Wanted to take over lost lands
- Munich Putsch (1923)
- Wanted a dictatorship/ overthrow the Weimar Republic
- Spartacist Rising (1919)
- Structure of Weimar Constitution
- Treaty of Versailles
- Armistice Agreement
- Germany was to become democratic
- In the west, the Germans were to evacuate all occupied territory, including Alsace Lorraine, and to withdraw beyond a 10K wide neutral zone to the east of the Rhine
- Allied troops would move in and occupt the west bank of the Rhine
- In Eastern Europe all German troops were to be withdrawn
- The German navy was to be confined to either a neutral or British port
- Stab in the Back Myth
- Government enemies thought the government stabbed Germany in the back by ending the war when signing the armistice
- Statistics/Facts
- Land
- Lost 13% of land and ~6 million people living there
- Army
- Army reduced to 100,000
- Navy reduced to 15,000 sailors and six battleships
- No submarines, tanks or air force allowed
- Money
- At Versailles no sum was fixed
- 1921 Allies fixed the amount to £6,600 million
- Land
- Armistice Agreement
- Economy
- Invasion of the Ruhr
- No money was payed 1922 so France and Belgium invaded Ruhr, and industrial area
- German workers passively resisted as instructed by government, 100 killed
- Government payed workers and families so they resisted
- Germany dived into depper debts and caused hyperinflation and the collpase of the economy
- Government payed workers and families so they resisted
- German workers passively resisted as instructed by government, 100 killed
- Hyperinflation
- Germany printed more money, 'marks'
- Money was worthless
- 1921 £1 = 500 marks Nov 1923 £1 = 14,000,000,000,000 marks
- People who lent money/ had savings lost everything, people with debts and loans were 'winners'
- 1921 £1 = 500 marks Nov 1923 £1 = 14,000,000,000,000 marks
- Money was worthless
- Germany printed more money, 'marks'
- No money was payed 1922 so France and Belgium invaded Ruhr, and industrial area
- Hyperinflation
- Germany printed more money, 'marks'
- Money was worthless
- 1921 £1 = 500 marks Nov 1923 £1 = 14,000,000,000,000 marks
- People who lent money/ had savings lost everything, people with debts and loans were 'winners'
- 1921 £1 = 500 marks Nov 1923 £1 = 14,000,000,000,000 marks
- Money was worthless
- Germany printed more money, 'marks'
- Invasion of the Ruhr
- WWI
Similar History resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made