Germany 1890-1945 (1)
- Created by: TabithaP2019
- Created on: 09-10-19 16:44
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- Germany 1890-1945 (1)
- Germany before WWI
- Ruled by totalitarian Kaiser Wilhelm II
- There was a Reichstag (parliament) but its power was limited as Kaiser made all main decisions
- Germany before WWI
- Ruled by totalitarian Kaiser Wilhelm II
- There was a Reichstag (parliament) but its power was limited as Kaiser made all main decisions
- There was a Reichstag (parliament) but its power was limited as Kaiser made all main decisions
- Rapidly industrialising, led to poor living/working conditions
- By 1914 it produced more steel, iron and coal than UK
- This led to increase in support for SPD
- 1/3 of voters supported the SPD
- Trade unions were common - by 1914 over 3 million workers were in trade unions
- Socially unstable
- Rapidly industrialising, led to poor living/working conditions
- By 1914 it produced more steel, iron and coal than UK
- This led to increase in support for SPD
- 1/3 of voters supported the SPD
- Trade unions were common - by 1914 over 3 million workers were in trade unions
- Socially unstable
- Socially unstable
- Rapidly industrialising, led to poor living/working conditions
- Socially unstable
- Weltpolitik - Kaiser wanted Germany to be a global power by building up the navy to get more colonies
- Germany's 'place in the sun'
- Kaiser passed Naval laws 1898 - 1912 to build up the navy
- This increased patriotism and support for Kaiser
- Over 1mil joined the Navy League & campaigned for more Naval spending
- This increased patriotism and support for Kaiser
- This also increased taxes, national debt and opposition from Reichstag
- Ruled by totalitarian Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Germany before WWI
- There was a Reichstag (parliament) but its power was limited as Kaiser made all main decisions
- Weltpolitik - Kaiser wanted Germany to be a global power by building up the navy to get more colonies
- Germany's 'place in the sun'
- Kaiser passed Naval laws 1898 - 1912 to build up the navy
- This increased patriotism and support for Kaiser
- Over 1mil joined the Navy League & campaigned for more Naval spending
- This increased patriotism and support for Kaiser
- This also increased taxes, national debt and opposition from Reichstag
- Ruled by totalitarian Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Germany during WWI
- Patriotism increased as they thought the war would be a success
- Food shortages began in 1915 due to the blockade of German ports
- By 1916, 10k were protesting against this
- War weariness began in 1917, with protests about the war by 1918
- e.g. Mutiny at Kiel Naval Base
- Protests caused by food/power shortages & a flu epidemic took 100s of thousands of lives
- When defeat was certain, Kaiser tried to avoid blame by passing responsibility to politicians - 'revolution from above'
- He then abdicated on 9th Nov. 1918
- The Treaty of Versailles
- Dictated peace - Germany had no say in the treaty
- Signed in June 1919 by the other major nations
- Terms and contents of the treaty
- Blame - Germany must take responsibility for the war (War Guilt Clause)
- Reparations - Germany must pay £6.6bn for war damage
- This was a major cause for hyperinflation
- Armed forces - Germany must reduce her army to 100k soldiers, 6 battleships and no air force
- Rhineland was demilitarised as French feared an invasion
- Territory - They lost 13% of their land (10% of population) and all overseas colonies
- Not allowed to unite with Austria or join the League of Nations
- German reaction to the Treaty
- Hated by most Germans
- They expected a fair treaty - Kaiser was gone and their new democratic government needed support
- It made the Weimar government very unpopular
- e.g. had to raise taxes to pay reparation
- It made the Weimar government very unpopular
- They were defenceless and humiliated
- They could not afford the reparations payments due to WWI effect on economy
- They expected a fair treaty - Kaiser was gone and their new democratic government needed support
- Hated by most Germans
- Dictated peace - Germany had no say in the treaty
- Germany before WWI
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